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Mixed Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with Porous Medium with Bottom Wall Periodic Boundary Condition
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Transient mixed convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium heated at periodic sinusoidal heat flux is investigated numerically in the present paper. The Poisson-type pressure equation, resulted from the substituting of the momentum Darcy equation in the continuity equation, was discretized by using finite volume technique. The energy equation was solved by a fully implicit control volume-based finite difference formulation for the diffusion terms with the use of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics scheme to discretize the convective terms and the temperature values at the control volume faces. The numerical study covers a range of the hydrostatic  pressure sinusoidal  amplitude  range and  time  period  values  of . Numerical results show that the pressure contours lines are influenced by hydrostatic head variation and not affected with the sinusoidal amplitude and time period variation. It is found that the average Nusselt number decreases with time and pressure head increasing and decreases periodically with time and amplitude increasing. The time averaged Nusselt number decreases with imposed sinusoidal amplitude and cycle time period increasing.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Building standardized Growth Curves for Iraqi Children Under Five Years
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The growth curves of the children are the most commonly used tools to assess the general welfare of society. Particularity child being one of the pillars to develop society; through these tools, we can path a child's growth physiology. The Centile line is of the important tools to build these curves, which give an accurate interpretation of the information society, also respond with illustration variable age. To build standard growth curves for BMI, we use BMI as an index. LMSP method used for finding the Centile line which depends on four curves represents Median, Coefficient of Variation, Skews, and Kurtosis. These can be obtained by modeling four parameters as nonparametric Smoothing functions for the illustration variable. Ma

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Science And Technology
Improvement of the Accuracy of the Perturbed Orbital Elements for LEO Satellite by Improving 4th Order Runge–Kutta’s Method
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Background/objectives: To study the motion equation under all perturbations effect for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. Predicting a satellite’s orbit is an important part of mission exploration. Methodology: Using 4th order Runge–Kutta’s method this equation was integrated numerically. In this study, the accurate perturbed value of orbital elements was calculated by using sub-steps number m during one revolution, also different step numbers nnn during 400 revolutions. The predication algorithm was applied and orbital elements changing were analyzed. The satellite in LEO influences by drag more than other perturbations regardless nnn through semi-major axis and eccentricity reducing. Findings and novelty/improvement: The results demo

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Efficient Approximate Analytical Methods to Solve Some Partial Differential Equations
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     The goal of this research is to solve several one-dimensional partial differential equations in linear and nonlinear forms using a powerful approximate analytical approach. Many of these equations are difficult to find the exact solutions due to their governing equations. Therefore, examining and analyzing efficient approximate analytical approaches to treat these problems are required. In this work, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is proposed. We use convergence control parameters to optimize the approximate solution. This method relay on choosing with complete freedom an auxiliary function linear operator and initial guess to generate the series solution. Moreover, the method gives a convenient way to guarantee the converge

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
The study of water quality changes using GIS and remote sensing for Tigris River through Salah Al-Din province, Iraq
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The most significant water supply, which is the basis of agriculture, industry and human and wildlife needs, is the river. In order to determine its suitability for drinking purposes, this study aims to measure the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Tigris River in the Salah Al-Din Province (center of Tikrit), north of Baghdad. For ten (9) physio-chemical parameters, namely turbidity, total suspended sediments, PH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chloride, nitrogen as nitrate, sulphate, and then transported for examination to the laboratory, water samples were collected from 13 locations along the Tigris river. Using the weighted arithmetic index method, the WQI was measured and found to be 105,87 in up-stream, wh

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 10 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Influence of cobalt substitution on the properties of Ni0.95-xCoxCu0.05Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles
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Cobalt substituted nickel copper ferrite samples with general formula Ni0.95-xCoxCu0.05Fe2O4, where (x= 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) were prepared by solid-state reactions method at 1373 K for 4h. The samples prepared were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD(, atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Vickers hardness. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of a single phase of cubic spinel structure in all the prepared samples . XRD analysis showed that the increase in the cobalt concentration causes an increase in the lattice constant, bulk density (ρm) and the x-ray density (ρx), whereas porosity (p) and crystallite size (D) decrease. The Topography of the surface observed

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 31 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Nuclear Structure Investigation of Some Ni-Isotopes Using Skyrme-Hartree-Fock Method
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     The nuclear ground-state structure of some Nickel (58-66Ni) isotopes has been investigated within the framework of the mean field approach using the self-consist Hartree-Fock calculations (HF) including the effective interactions of Skyrme. The Skyrme parameterizations SKM, SKM*, SI, SIII, SKO, SKE, SLY4, SKxs15, SKxs20 and SKxs25 have been utilized with HF method to study the nuclear ground state charge, mass, neutron and proton densities with the corresponding root mean square radii, charge form factors, binding energies and neutron skin thickness. The deduced results led to specifying one set or more of Skyrme parameterizations that used to achieve the best agreement with the available experimental

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Different Resolution Merging Methods For Environmental Areas Extraction
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The usage of remote sensing techniques in managing and monitoring the environmental areas is increasing due to the improvement of the sensors used in the observation satellites around the earth. Resolution merge process is used to combine high resolution one band image with another one that have low resolution multi bands image to produce one image that is high in both spatial and spectral resolution. In this work different merging methods were tested to evaluate their enhancement capabilities to extract different environmental areas; Principle component analysis (PCA), Brovey, modified (Intensity, Hue ,Saturation) method and High Pass Filter methods were tested and subjected to visual and statistical comparison for evaluation. Both visu

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Performance Assessment of Solar-Transformer-Consumption System Using Neural Network Approach
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Solar energy is one of the immeasurable renewable energy in power generation for a green, clean and healthier environment. The silicon-layer solar panels absorb sun energy and converts it into electricity by off-grid inverter. Electricity is transferred either from this inverter or from transformer, consumed by consumption unit(s) available for residential or economic purposes. The artificial neural network is the foundation of artificial intelligence and solves many complex problems which are difficult by statistical methods or by humans. In view of this, the purpose of this work is to assess the performance of the Solar - Transformer - Consumption (STC) system. The system may be in complete breakdown situation due to failure of both so

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Placement Inverse Source Problem under Partition Hyperbolic Equation
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In this article, the inverse source problem is determined by the partition hyperbolic equation under the left end flux tension of the string, where the extra measurement is considered. The approximate solution is obtained in the form of splitting and applying the finite difference method (FDM). Moreover, this problem is ill-posed, dealing with instability of force after adding noise to the additional condition. To stabilize the solution, the regularization matrix is considered. Consequently, it is proved by error estimates between the regularized solution and the exact solution. The numerical results show that the method is efficient and stable.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Bayes Analysis for the Scale Parameter of Gompertz Distribution
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In this paper, we investigate the behavior of the bayes estimators, for the scale parameter of the Gompertz distribution under two different loss functions such as, the squared error loss function, the exponential loss function (proposed), based different double prior distributions represented as erlang with inverse levy prior, erlang with non-informative prior, inverse levy with non-informative prior and erlang with chi-square prior.

The simulation method was fulfilled to obtain the results, including the estimated values and the mean square error (MSE) for the scale parameter of the Gompertz distribution, for different cases for the scale parameter of the Gompertz distr

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