We describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel 2D-MnOx material using a combination of HR-TEM, XAS, XRD, and reactivity measurements. The ease with which the 2D material can be made and the conditions under which it can be made implies that water oxidation catalysts previously described as “birnessite-like” (3D) may be better thought of as 2D materials with very limited layer stacking. The distinction between the materials as being “birnessite-like” and “2D” is important because it impacts on our understanding of the function of these materials in the environment and as catalysts. The 2D-MnOx material is noted to be a substantially stronger chemical oxidant than previously noted for other birnessite-like manganese oxi

A security system can be defined as a method of providing a form of protection to any type of data. A sequential process must be performed in most of the security systems in order to achieve good protection. Authentication can be defined as a part of such sequential processes, which is utilized in order to verify the user permission to entree and utilize the system. There are several kinds of methods utilized, including knowledge, and biometric features. The electroencephalograph (EEG) signal is one of the most widely signal used in the bioinformatics field. EEG has five major wave patterns, which are Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta and Gamma. Every wave has five features which are amplitude, wavelength, period, speed and frequency. The linear

Background: War represents a major human crisis; it destroys communities and results in ingrained consequences for public health and well-being

Objective: We set this study to shed light on the public health status in Iraq after the successive wars, sanctions, sectarian conflicts, and terrorism, in light of certain health indicators.

Design: The primary source of data for this analysis comes from the Iraqi Ministry of Health, and The World Health Organization disease surveillance.

Results: Most of the morbidity indicators are high, even those that are relatively declining recently, are still higher than those repor

In this study, phytoplankton density, chlorophyll-a, and selected physico- chemical parameters were investigated in Erbil wastewater channel. The surveys were carried out monthly from May 2003 to April 2004. Samplings were established on three sites from headwaters to the mouth. The results showed that pH was in alkaline side of neutrality, with significant differences (P<0.05) between sites 1 and 3. TSS concentration decreased from site 1 toward site 2 (mean value, 80.15 to 25.79 mg.l-1). A clear gradual increase in mineral content (TDS) observed from site one of the channel towards the mouthpart. Soluble reactive phosphate has a concentration maximum mean value reached 48.4 µg.l-1 which is recorded in site 2. A high positive relat

The developing countries can be distinguished by spatial disparities and by this a wide gap between urban and rural settlements were produced as well as the appearance of primate cities. The effect of spatial development as a dynamic and continuous process can be perceived in the state of population distribution inside settlements inter and intra regions as well as the hierarchy of urban settlements according to time series. The research proved that the improvement judgment of the structure of the urban system using Gene factor is not accurate because it cannot be accounted for the internal components of the system which make a contrariety between the whole judgment (country) and partial components (Provinces including Sulaimaniy

This study aims to study the inherited occupations which are considered to be a cultural, civilized and social legacy that effected by the Prevailing social and economic circumstances in the Iraqi society .
The study aimed to achieve several goals, including:
Identify the relationship between the urbanization and inherited occupations in the old city Al-Karkh.
Identify the relationship between the ecological construction and inherited occupations in the old city Al-Karkh.
Recognize the factors and motives inherited occupations in the study area .Identify the role of inherited occupations in promoting opportunities cohesion of the family system in the study area.
The field of the study had concentrated on a sample of famili

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to formulate a liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of tacrolimus to enhance its oral bioavailability by improving its dispersibility and dissolution rate. Four liquid SMEDDS were prepared using maisine CC as oil phase, labrasol ALF as surfactant and transcutol HP as co-surfactant based on the solubility studies of tacrolimus in these components. The phase behavior of the components and the area of microemulsion were evaluated using pseudoternary phase diagrams. The formulations were also assessed for thermodynamic stability, robustness to dilution, self-emulsification time, drug content, globule size and polydispersity index. The prepared SMEDDS formulations exhibi

It is no secret to everyone that the Arab individual suffers from poor self-awareness and political awareness, which made the state and the importance of its existence and preserving its institutions not among his interests, which made researchers wonder about the possibility of strengthening it and the extent of its impact on the future of building the contemporary Arab state. So, the study attempts to addressing the issue of community awareness and its impact on building the state through a clear intellectual vision that blended what is social and political to define the concept of community awareness and highlight its importance and role as a basic pillar in shaping and building modern Arab countries in the Arab world and ways to enha