The differential protection of power transformers appears to be more difficult than any type of protection for any other part or element in a power system. Such difficulties arise from the existence of the magnetizing inrush phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize between inrush current and the current arise from internal faults. In this paper, two approaches based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and S-transform (ST) are applied to recognize different types of currents following in the transformer. In WPT approach, the selection of optimal mother wavelet and the optimal number of resolution is carried out using minimum description length (MDL) criteria before taking the decision for the extraction features from the WPT tree. In ST approach,
the spectral energy index and the standard deviation (STD) are calculated from the S-matrix obtained by discrete S-transform. The two approaches are tested for generating a trip signal and disconnecting the transformer supply experimentally using 1KVA, 220/110V, 50Hz, ∆ / Y threephase transformer. The experimental results show that the trip signal is initiated faster in WPT approach while the transformer is disconnected from the supply after a delay of 10-15msec in the
two approaches due to computer interface and the relay circuit used.
Big developments in technology have led to upset the balance of ideas, given of its own post new properties for products not provided by traditional technology, especially economic units operating within the industrial sector, and therefore it is important to develop the Iraqi industrial sector and interest to do its vital role in light Of progress technological.The research aims to Find the use of advanced manufacturing technologies that lead to customized production and quality appropriate whether they are low quality and low cost or low cost and suitable quality or high quality and high cost to win customer satisfaction.While the important conclusions is that the application of advanced manufacturing technology is not limited to techn
... Show MoreThis research includes the study of dual data models with mixed random parameters, which contain two types of parameters, the first is random and the other is fixed. For the random parameter, it is obtained as a result of differences in the marginal tendencies of the cross sections, and for the fixed parameter, it is obtained as a result of differences in fixed limits, and random errors for each section. Accidental bearing the characteristic of heterogeneity of variance in addition to the presence of serial correlation of the first degree, and the main objective in this research is the use of efficient methods commensurate with the paired data in the case of small samples, and to achieve this goal, the feasible general least squa
... Show MoreIn this study the alloys Ge xS1-x with different Ge content (x=0, 0.1,0.2 and 0.3) wt.% have been successfully prepared by evacuated quartz tube under vacuum pressure (10−2Torr), whereas Ge xS1-x thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique under vacuum (10−5Torr) with (x=0,0.1,0.2 and 0.3). The optical properties measurements shows that the optical energy gap decrease from (3.4 to 3 eV) with the increase of x content, the optical constants declare significant variation with x content variation.
The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad in 2022. It aimed to improve the growth of the European black Henbane plant (
This study aims to Statement of the relationship between Total Quality Management philosophy and Organizational performance from the point of view of the internal customer. A comparison has been made between two companies, one of which applies the requirements of TQM well and the other does not apply these requirements as the (General Company for Electrical Industries/ Diyala) and (General Company for Electrical Industries/ Baghdad) to conduct the search, During the questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to a sample of 30 employees in the General Company for Electric Industries/ Diyala and (20) employees of the General Company for Electrical Industries/ Baghdad. Their answers were analyzed using a simple correlation coef
... Show MoreOrange peel was used as a plant-derived medium to prepare a ZnO–calcite mixed-phase nanostructured material, which was physicochemically characterized and evaluated for DPPH radical-scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and in vitro cytotoxic activities. XRD confirmed the coexistence of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and crystalline calcite, with ZnO apparent crystallite sizes ranging from 9.2 to 28.3 nm (mean 16.4 ± 7.3 nm). FTIR identified Zn–O vibrations, carbonate-related bands, surface hydroxyl groups, and residual organic functionalities, while FESEM revealed irregular agglomerates composed of nanoscale grains. EDX showed Zn, O, C, and Ca as the principal elements, and the material exhibited a zeta potential of -14.86 ± 0.52 mV
... Show MoreExplosive power is a crucial factor in athletic performance due to its connection to the skill-based aspects required in every sport. Therefore, understanding it is essential for guiding research and plays a key role in improving shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40). Biomechanical variables also contribute to shot put performance for short-statured athletes in category (F40) by helping coaches identify, diagnose, and compare technical and motor errors, their components, timing, and speed with the required performance to achieve optimal results. Thus, the importance of this research lies in the researchers' attempt to identify the relationship between the explosive power of the upper and lower limbs and certain
... Show MoreTwisting and coiling actuators (TCAs) are lightweight artificial muscles that can produce large linear contractions while lifting heavy loads with low power. A TCA consists of two or more strings connected to a rotational motor and a load. When activated, the strings twist and coil, causing contraction. This study presents a data-driven framework for modeling TCA behavior using experimental data. Polynomial regression, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and symbolic regression were applied using the motor angle and payload weight as inputs. The models were evaluated under various loads and implemented in a neck-rehabilitation prototype. SVR showed the highest accuracy (RMSE: 6.17 mm upward, 4.98 mm downward); however, it lacks a closed-form e
... Show MoreIntroduction: Dental pulp tissue contains many undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, which have the ability to differentiate into different specialized cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells have been developed by various growth factors. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of a combination BMP2/TGF β1 as capped material for traumatic pulp in osteoporotic rat. Materials and Methods: Twelfth female rats (6 normal rat and other 6 osteoporotic rat)., their maxillary anterior teeth subjected to mechanical traumatized pulptomy, the left tooth has speared without treatment, while the right tooth capped with application of 0.5 μl of BMP2 and 0.5μl of TGF β1 .Evaluation of histological changes includes scoring of pu
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