In the city, building space could transform to be as place, because architecture does not include only traditional values such as housing, human protection, stability, etc, but could carry other dimensions beyond the housing or building occupancy or develop urban design. Rivers had vision in motion as a way to show dynamic processes in its flowing slowly, which are simply measured in time and the life of citizens. The research consider the river path in traditional cities as Alley connecting the spaces of the city ... old Baghdad was characterized by this property and it is look like Venice in the past, while traditional European cities were able to preserve this property till now, and capable to take transformation of the city with development projects inside it. These cities was distinguished by development of river edge as creating place along the river corridor and try to attract peoples who lived in, protect the natural environment along the river, as well as reflect the characteristics of the city along of the elevation of the river, and conserve the river banks as alley connected between urban spaces. Baghdad which penetrates by Tigris River has maintained this feature until the middle of twentieth century. So now, the research can see the absence of specialized local studies, including The comprehensive development plan of the Baghdad city 2030 to study and Re design the spaces and places along river edge, this led to emerge research problem, in the absence of specific knowledge about identity of river space characteristics for identification of urban space in place of the Tigris River in downtown of Baghdad historical city center, in the urban development plans since the mid-twentieth century until now, and study design factors that contributed with disintegration of the space syntax relations in river elevation. Turning to the experience of historical European cities and how to deal with urban space to the edge of the river and created the identity of the place, especially the interface development experience the (Seine river in Paris, Thames River in London, Tiber River in Rome, Danube River in Vienna & Budapest, Vltava river in Prague) and study urban style in dealing with the river edge, in order to reach the elements which define the identity of each city. In order to reach the aim of research in redefining the identity of places for urban spaces overlooking to integrate the banks of Tigris River in the historical city centre of Baghdad, and the methods of linking the development of river front with the comprehensive development plan of the Baghdad city 2030.
In this paper, we introduced some fact in 2-Banach space. Also, we define asymptotically non-expansive mappings in the setting of 2-normed spaces analogous to asymptotically non-expansive mappings in usual normed spaces. And then prove the existence of fixed points for this type of mappings in 2-Banach spaces.
The aim of this paper is to construct cyclic subgroups of the projective general linear group over from the companion matrix, and then form caps of various degrees in . Geometric properties of these caps as secant distributions and index distributions are given and determined if they are complete. Also, partitioned of into disjoint lines is discussed.
The solution to the problems and challenges of the twenty-first century requires the absorption of many transformations, such as demographic change, poverty reduction, the expansion of safe and clean energy without affecting the environment, as well as reducing health risks and other transitions. It also requires greater cooperation than is possible in the current global system, because both of these constraints and challenges, even if addressed locally or nationally, are because of the potential for their transnational impact, that is, their impact on the lives of people at the global level, Which is necessary to be fully addressed unless it is guided by a comprehensive global vision. This is what environmental governance provides in te
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Abstract has many advantages as has historically been one of the regions leading cultural centers . for centuries , it has been a center of commertial and financial operations in Iraq. it is also rich in archeological sites and natural resources, but because of its wars and implementation of urban development strategies are effective and sustainable , so contracted the secretariat of Baghdad with the company (khatib and scirntiffic) for the preparation of the comprehensive development plan for the city of Baghdad in 2030 and funded by the world bank and the fact that the plan was approved ( three stages of it ) and only one phase remains the fourth stage, which is under discussion the aim of the
... Show MoreThe research deals with one of the urban problems facing cities, namely the existence of neglected urban spaces that need to be activated , These spaces give a negative image of the city, is not conducive to life and social interactions or the city has a one distinctive urban experience, leading to a reduction peoples' confidence in revisiting of those areas, hinder the rest of the activities in that region . Because these spaces are of the basic components of the city and give it its identity through the elements and entities that constitute it , The idea of research emerged in the reclaiming of these spaces within contemporary urban trends and the activation of flexible , short-term and inovation for that purpose with
... Show MoreIn this paper the chain length of a space of fuzzy orderings is defined, and various properties of this invariant are proved. The structure theorem for spaces of finite chain length is proved. Spaces of Fuzzy Orderings Throughout X = (X,A) denoted a space of fuzzy orderings. That is, A is a fuzzy subgroup of abelian group G of exponent 2. (see [1] (i.e. x 2 = 1,  x  G), and X is a (non empty) fuzzy subset of the character group ï£ (A) = Hom(A,{1,–1}) satisfying: 1. X is a fuzzy closed subset of ï£ (A). 2.  an element e  A such that ï³(e) = – 1  ï³ ïƒŽ X. 3. Xïž :={a  A\ ï³(a) = 1  ï³ ïƒŽ X} = 1. 4. If f and g are forms over A and if x  D(
... Show MoreKufa, considered one of the important cities in Iraq, is facing a rapid increase in population proportion and urban development in buildings and industry. Therefore, the concentration of several hazardous heavy metals is the main focus of this study. It presents the distribution and Estimation of heavy metals in urban lands in the Kufa area as an environmental geochemical study. Twenty samples of urban surface soils were collected in many sites to determine concentrations, distribution, and contamination of elements Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Th, U, Pb, Hf, Nb, and Fe. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were compared with the local studies, UCC guidelines, and the world reference. To distinguish ant
... Show MoreTo reduce the effects of discharging heated water disposed into a river flow by a single thermal source, two parameters were changed to get the minimum effect using optimization. The first parameter is to distribute the total flow of the heated water between two disposal points (double source) instead of one and the second is to change the distance between these two points. In order to achieve the solution, a two dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate and predict the changes in temperature distribution in the river due to disposal of the heated water using these two points of disposal.
MATLAB-7 software was used to build a program that could solve the governing partial equations of thermal pollution in rivers by using t
Urban agriculture is one of the important urban uses of land in cities since the inception of cities and civilizations, but the great expansion of cities in the world during the twentieth century and the beginning of the twentieth century and the increase in the number of urban residents compared to the rural population has led to a decline in this use in favor of other uses.
This decline in agricultural and green land areas in cities has negatively affected the environment, natural life and biological diversity in cities in addition to the great impact on the climate and the increase in temperatures and the negative impact on the economic side, since urban agriculture is an important pillar of the economy, especially
... Show MoreThe research dealt with the effectiveness of prediction and foresight in design as a phenomenon that plays a role in the recipient's engagement with the design, as it shows the interaction between the recipient and the interior space. The designer is keen to diversify his formal vocabulary in a way that secures visual values that call for aesthetic integration, as well as securing mental and kinetic behavioral understanding in the interior space.
As the designer deals with a three-dimensional space that carries many visual scenes, the designer should not leave anything from it without standing on it with study and investigation, and puts the user as a basic goal as he provides interpretive data through prediction and foresight that le