A numerical investigation has been performed to study the effect of eccentricity on unsteady state, laminar aiding mixed convection in a horizontal concentric and eccentric cylindrical annulus. The outer cylinder was kept at a constant temperature
while the inner cylinder was heated with constant heat flux. The study involved numerical solution of transient momentum (Navier-Stokes) and energy equation using finite difference method (FDM), where the body fitted coordinate system (BFC) was
used to generate the grid mesh for computational plane. The governing equations were transformed to the vorticity-stream function formula as for momentum equations and to the temperature and stream function for energy equation.
A computer program (Fortran 90) was built to calculate the bulk Nusselt number (Nub) after reaching steady state condition for fluid Prandtl number fixed at 0.7 (air) with radius ratio ( =2.6), Rayleigh number (Ra=200), Reynolds number (Re=50) for both concentric and eccentric cylindrical annulus with different eccentricity ratios (ε=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) and angular positions (φo=0o
, 45o , 90o , 135o , 180o ).
The results show a reasonable representation to the relation between Nusselt number and (ε, φo). Generally, Nub decreased with the increase in (ε and φo). Also, results show that the best thermal performance for the inner cylinder was at the angular
position (φo=0o ) for eccentricity ratio (ε=0.25), while the maximum reduction in the rate of heat transfer for the inner cylinder was at the angular position (φo=180o) for eccentricity ratio (ε=0.75).
Comparison of the result with the previous work shows a good agreement.
Abstract:
In this study a type of polymeric composites from melting poly propylene as a basic substance with Palm fronds powder were prepared. Evaluation of polymeric composites was done by studying some of it is mechanical properties, which included:Yong modulus (E), Impact Strength (I.S), Brinell hardness (B.H) and Compression Strength (C.S). The polymeric composites were studied before and after reinforcment by comparing between them. There was an increase in resistance of Yong modulus (E), Impact Strength (I.S), Brinell hardness (B.H) and compression Strength (C.S). Also, the effect of some acids were studied such as (HCl, H2
Two field experiments were carried out for cultivating yellow maize crop Zea mays L. during the autumn planting season 2019 in two sites with soils of different textures. The first site is a loamy texture in one of the fields of the Medhatia Agriculture Division, Babylon Governorate. The second was silty loam by an alluvial mixture in one of the fields of Al-Nouriah Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture located in Al-Nouriah sub-district, Al-Qadisiyah governorate. It was found through the results that the uniformity, efficiency, and adequacy of the irrigation efficiency of the sprinkler irrigation method is better than that of the sprinkler irrigation method, and it ranged between (88.6-88.7) for uniformity and (84-86)% of the irrigatio
... Show MoreThis new azo dye 7-(3-hydroxy-phenylazo)-quinoline-8-ol was subsequently used to prepare a series of complexes with the chlorides of Fe, Co, Zn, Ru, Rh and Cd. The compounds identified by 1H and 13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, mass spectroscopy, as well as TGA, DSC, and C.H.N., conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal and chlorine content. The results showed that the ligand behaves in a trigonal behavior, and that the complexes gave tetrahedral, except for Fe, Ru and Rh octahedral was given, that all of them are non-electrolytes. The effectiveness of both the compounds in inhibiting free radicals was evaluated by the ability to act as an antioxidant was measured using DPPH as a free radical and gallic acid as a standard substance, the
... Show MoreAmid the growing demand for multifunctional and environmentally benign materials, lead-free double perovskites have emerged as a strategically important development in advanced functional materials research. This study presents the synthesis of Ba2PrMnO6 (BPMO) double perovskite nanocrystals for the first time via a hydrothermal method, and a comprehensive evaluation has been conducted using the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Structural, thermodynamic, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, FESEM/EDX, FTIR, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. XRD confirms a stable tetragonal I4/m phase with experimental lattice con
... Show MoreThe adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto bentonite and activated carbon was investigated. The effects of pH, initial adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacities for bentonite and activated carbon were 0.0364 and 0.015 mg/mg, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, Enthalpy change and Entropy change have been calculated. These thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was thermodynamically spontaneous under natural conditions and the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Experimental data were also tested in terms of adsorption kinetics, the results showed that the adsorption processes followed well pseudo second- order
... Show MoreAim: The current study was aimed to determine the relationship between the orthodontic force applied by monobloc and the salivary level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, considering the time factor after insertion of the appliance and whether there is a correlation between these enzymes. Materials and methods: A sample of 28 growing patients requiring orthodontic treatment with myofunctional appliance (Monoblock) was taken for the current study with an age range 9 to 12 years,all patients had Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion with no or mild crowding, the sample was selected using simple random sampling. Only 16 subjects (10 males and 6 females) were included who follow certain inclusion criteria.
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