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The Potential of Recycling Used Engine Oil for Biogas Generation by Co-Digestion with Animals’ Manure: Experimental and Kinetic Study

This study investigates the potential of biogas recovery from used engine oil (UEO) by co-digestion with animals’ manure, including cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM), and cattle manure (CM). The experimental work was carried out in anaerobic biodigesters at mesophilic conditions (37°C). Two groups of biodigesters were prepared. Each group consisted of 4 digesters. UEO was the main component in the first group of biodigesters with and without inoculum, whereby a mix of UEO and petroleum refinery oily sludge (ROS) was the component in the second group of biodigesters. The results revealed that for UEO-based biodigesters, maximum biogas production was 0.98, 1.23, 1.93, and 0 ml/g VS from UEO±CD, UEO±CM, UEO±PM, and UEO, respectively, whereby, for the UEO=ROS-based biodigesters, maximum biogas production was 3.49, 2.47, 3.64 and 2.44 ml/g VS from UEO+ROS±CD, UEO+ROS±CM, UEO+ROS±PM, and UEO+ROS, respectively. These results indicated that UEO was not feasible and efficient for biogas recovery since biogas production was very low in the first group of biodigesters compared to its recovery in the second group. A modified Gompertz model was applied to study the kinetics of the bio-digestion process. Measured and predicted values of biogas generation were fitted well with determination coefficients higher than 0.92.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The extent of the legitimacy of international intervention for humanitarian considerations within the framework of the principle of inadmissibility of the United Nations interference in the heart of the internal authority of states

The international humanitarian intervention regardless its legitimacy and illegitimacy aims at using the armed and unarmed force to Protect the rights of the human being and his/ her fundamental freedom when heavy violations may occur for these rights and the interferences features and their development appeared during the period that happened after the cold war as well as the establishment of the new international system the is based on the respect of the human rights to achieve the global peace and security.

The international practices proved that the international humanitarian intervention which have been practiced do not rely on any legal justification and sometimes it forms assault against the states' rights and their intern

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 12 2014
Journal Name
Advanced Studies In English, Pune
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 28 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Elastic Form Factors and Proton Momentum Distributions for Some fp- Shell Nuclei Using the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model

The ground state proton momentum distributions (PMD) and elastic charge form
factors for some odd 1f  2p shell nuclei, such as , , 59 63Co Cu and Cu 65 have been
studied using the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model and formulated by means of
the fluctuation function (weight function) ( ) .
2
f x The fluctuation function has been
connected to the charge density distribution of the nuclei and determined from the
theory and experiment result. The feature of the long-tail behavior at high
momentum region of the PMD has been calculated by both the theoretical and
experimental fluctuation functions. It is found that the inclusion of the quadrupole
form factors ( ) 2 F q C in all nuclei under study, which are de

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2022
Journal Name
World Economics & Finance Bulletin
PLANNING BUDGETS AND THEIR ROLE IN CONTROLLING COSTS ELEMENTS APPLIED RESEARCH IN THE GENERAL COMPANY FOR FOOD PRODUCTS

Planning budgets are one of the methods used by the administration in controlling the elements of costs represented by (direct material costs, direct wage costs, and indirect manufacturing costs), and their importance lies in that they reflect what the activity of the economic unit should be in the future. In order to achieve the objectives of the economic unit and to solve this problem, the research was based on the following hypothesis (the role of planning budgets in controlling the elements of costs). , and thus the ability to reduce these costs and thus achieve profits by increasing sales and increasing market share, and the need to urge the state to support the company and the manufacturing sector, which helps and contributes

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the Changes in Solar Radiation and Their Influence on Temperature Trend in Iraq for a Whole Century

Most studies indicated that the values ​​of atmospheric variables have changed from their general rates due to pollution or global warming etc. Hence, the research indicates the changes of direct solar radiation values ​​over a whole century i.e. from 1900 to 2000 depending on registered data for four cities, namely (Mosul - Baghdad - Rutba - Basra. Moreover, attemptsto correlate the direct solar radiation with the temperature values have been ​​recorded over that period. The results showed that there is a decreasing pattern of radiation quantities over time throughout the study period, where the value of direct radiation over the city of Baghdad 5550 w/m2 was recorded in the year 1900, but this ratio decreased cle

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 24 2021
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences (pen)
A plan for transportation and distribution the products based on multi-objective travelling salesman problem in fuzzy environmental

Transportation and distribution are the most important elements in the work system for any company, which are of great importance in the success of the chain work. Al-Rabee factory is one of the largest ice cream factories in Iraq and it is considered one of the most productive and diversified factories with products where its products cover most areas of the capital Baghdad, however, it lacks a distribution system based on scientific and mathematical methods to work in the transportation and distribution processes, moreover, these processes need a set of important data that cannot in any way be separated from the reality of fuzziness industrial environment in Iraq, which led to use the fuzzy sets theory to reduce the levels of uncertainty.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Linguistic correction To some modern narrators In the book (Reforming the error of the modernists) For the Orator (d. 388 AH)

Il semble que Khattabi était un linguiste, avec un endroit linguistique pour comprendre les textes de conversations et des mots étranges en particulier. Langue, et chacun avait ses arguments et ses preuves. Ses corrections incluaient la mélodie dans les mouvements, telle qu'une dilution plus serrée, la dilution de l'agitateur, le remplacement d'un autre mouvement, ou une autre rotation des mouvements, et le changement de structure morphologique du mot qui en résultait, ainsi que l'alerte sur les conséquences des lettres, Certaines de ces erreurs sont dues à la langue, et certaines sont considérées comme un type de déformation ou de fausse représentation connue de certains spécialistes, ce qui constitue un précédent louable

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of Gross Domestic Product Response to the Money Supply Shock in the Iraqi Economy for the Period (2004-2021)

The research aims to clarify the response of the GDP to the M1 shock. It includes access to the results using standard methods, where the standard model was built according to quarterly data using the program STATA 17. According to the joint integration model ARDL, the research found a long-term equilibrium positive for the relationship between GDP and the money supply in Iraq, as the change in the money supply by a certain percentage will lead to a change in GDP by about 71% of that percentage. In the event of a shock in the Iraqi economy, the impact of the M1 will differ from what it was before the shock, as the shock will increase its effectiveness towards GDP by about 10% more than before the shock. At the same time, the relationship

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
The Efficacy of Solifenacin Added to Α-Adrenergic Antagonists in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Males with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (The Iraqi Experience)

symptoms/Benign prostate hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) raises the possibility that a combination of α-adrenergic blocker therapy with anticholinergic therapy could both reduce the risk of retention or deteriorating bladder function and also add to the treatment of the remaining obstructive symptoms of LUTS/BPH.
Objective: Is to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of 5mg solifenacin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in combination with an alpha-blocker.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 29 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia already on alpha-blockers, given solifenacin 5mg once daily. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), patient micturitio

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Publication Date
Wed May 03 2017
Journal Name
Arab Conferences Network / American Research Foundation
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