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The Causes Influencing the Occurrence of Variation Orders in the Construction of Buildings
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In the construction of buildings usually, problems occur because of the causes of change orders. The main causer of change orders is the owners, consultants, and contractors. These changes lead to conflicts among them which result in influencing building projects. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the causes of change orders to reduce them and facilitate management. This paper determines the most critical factors that cause change orders from a different point of view, a consulting owner and a contractor, and a study of the reality of the management of change orders when constructing public buildings. The method employed in this research is a field survey using interviews with experts working in the construction of public buildings. Furthermore, the questionnaire was distributed manually and electronically.

In conclusion, it would appear that the causes of change orders have been hierarchically according to the viewpoint of the owner, contractor, and consultant. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: Agreement of viewpoints owners, contractors, and consultants on the critical causes of variation orders were: ( the difficult financial situation - change material specifications to benefit the project - technical necessity  - the nature of the site). Moreover, the point of view (owners and contractors) on the essential factors that cause change orders were: (preparing a bill of quantities is inaccurate - weak consultant guess ). In contrast, the consultant's point of view differs, as he considers these causes ineffective. It can be interpreted that the consultant sees these factors as insignificant because of his duty to implement the bill of quantities and designs. This research paper concludes that a complex causal relationship exists between the causes of change orders. The relative importance index (RII) for variation order causes varies among different groups' viewpoints (owners, contractors, and consultants).

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 1999
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
parasites of the house fly Musca domestica L. (Distera , Muscidae) in Iraq
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Eleven species of parasitic insects were recovered from puparia of house fly Musca domestica L. developing in animal dung in Baghdad during 1985-1987. Of the parasites obtained, representatives were found in five families of Hymenoptera and one family of Coleoptera. The most prevalent parasites were Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. nigroaenea Curtis and S. endius Walk. Average parasitism for the two year was 11.30 %, the highest number of parasitism occurred in May and October.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
: Issuance, entry into force, and cancellation of regulations in the Saudi system
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Praise be to God alone, and prayers and peace be upon the one after whom there is no prophet, and after:

This is a regular judicial search for the issuance, validity, and cancellation of regulations in the Saudi system. It came in an introduction and four demands and a conclusion of the most important results, then a list of the most important sources and references, in which I presented: A brief study on the issuance of regulations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the stages that they pass through, their validity and application, and the rules that govern this system in terms of people, places and times, then canceling and amending regulations And its rulings, I referred to it to the original sources approved in this section,

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Negative Results
The Level of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide in Hypertensive Women
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Hypertension is a cardiovascular problem with high rates of epidemiology and risks of morbidity and mortality in the global area. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produced from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme. NO involves in various vital processes in human health, one of which is the modulation of vasoconstriction and relaxation of the vascular system. We have aimed to investigate the link between NO and NOS with hypertension in women. The relationship between NO and NOS, as well as the usefulness of them as indicators of hypertension risks were subjects of study in this article. The results have revealed that hypertensive women had significant (P<0.05) lower levels of NO (15.07±3.41 IU/m

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A Cognitive Linguistic Study of the Satirical Language in Al-Hajjar's Caricatures
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The present study is a qualitative study that aims to investigate the way the Iraqi caricaturist,Dheaa Al-Hajjar uses caricatures to produce a satirical meaning humorously.Producing satire while at the same maintaining humor requires a creative thinking on the part of the caricaturist. Thus, the study examines the production of humorous satire in terms of creativity. The analysis is done from the cognitive linguistic point of view using Arthur Koestler's theory of bisociation as presented in his book The Act of Creation in 1964. The main principle on which the theory is based is that humor is created via linking (or bisociating in Koestler's terms) two habitually incompatible trains of thought in order to come up with a novel me

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 06 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
the role of theater in promoting linguistic wealth among primary school pupils
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Included a research problem , pointing to deficiencies and neglect in Arabic language teaching in primary and middle school , what makes sense to form your linguistic Bell ( Listening ) is missing , especially grammar, vocabulary endings .

And stressed the importance of research that teaching students the Arabic language is the balance of the next life , and that any defect infects will demolish an important part of their structure and the fact that the theater is a form of human directcommunication , and it`s way is the word this helps students to develop some communication skills , and language the backbone of these skills ,1-      The research sample was identified in all age children ( 6-12 ), which c

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Improving the Effectiveness of Internal Control System In Accordance with COSO Model
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        The research aims to improve the effectiveness of internal control system according to a model COSO, by identifying the availability of system components according to the model and then improve the effectiveness of each component by focusing on areas for improvement in each component, as it was addressed to a model COSO and then Maamth with the environment, the current Iraqi by introducing some improvements on the form of some mechanisms of corporate governance of the Council of Directors, and senior management, the Audit Committee, Committee appointments, especially that supplies application available in the laws and legislation, the current Iraqi, taking into consideration to make some

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 16 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
The Social Interaction of Langauge in a Comic Series: A Sociolinguistic Study
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DBNRAHA Hameed, IJRSSH PUBLICATION, 2018

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2010
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Evaluation the Effectiveness of Impregnated Net in Reducing Leishmaniasis Incidence: Diala-Iraq
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Background: Leishmaniasis is important public
health problem owing to its impact on morbidity
and mortality and difficulties in application of
effective control measures.
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the
using of impregnate bed nets in the control of
leishmaniasis.
Methods: The study was conducted throughout
the years 2004 and 2005, in Diala Governorate
(about 60km north-east Baghdad). This is the first
study in Iraq for evaluation of the impregnated bed
net in control of leishmaniasis. Two villages were
selected to achieve this aim. The nets were
distributed for the first village to be used by their
population. The second village was served as
control.

Results: The

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Identity Crisis in the Novel Cuffs of Papers for Yusef Hadi Mays
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This research deals with the study of the identity lost in the novel (handcuffs of paper) by Writer (Kuwaiti / Iraqi ) Yousif Hadi Mays.This is because of The strange subject presented by the writer ,Kuwait has chosen a sbace for his novel and chose apurely Kuwaiti theme. Hence the importance of the novel, as it came to the subject of identity completely dntdiffere from what we wwrote after the fall off the regime (2003), Which is related to the last coming from outside the country, which remained oscillataing between his mother,s identity where language, religion and history and  the identity of the other by virtue and dazzling, and integration and here con not belong to either party. This is a violation of the taboos of

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 27 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Biodiversity And Environmental Science
The acute toxicity of herbicide roundup ultra in mosquito fish Gambusia affinis
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