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The Causes Influencing the Occurrence of Variation Orders in the Construction of Buildings
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In the construction of buildings usually, problems occur because of the causes of change orders. The main causer of change orders is the owners, consultants, and contractors. These changes lead to conflicts among them which result in influencing building projects. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the causes of change orders to reduce them and facilitate management. This paper determines the most critical factors that cause change orders from a different point of view, a consulting owner and a contractor, and a study of the reality of the management of change orders when constructing public buildings. The method employed in this research is a field survey using interviews with experts working in the construction of public buildings. Furthermore, the questionnaire was distributed manually and electronically.

In conclusion, it would appear that the causes of change orders have been hierarchically according to the viewpoint of the owner, contractor, and consultant. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: Agreement of viewpoints owners, contractors, and consultants on the critical causes of variation orders were: ( the difficult financial situation - change material specifications to benefit the project - technical necessity  - the nature of the site). Moreover, the point of view (owners and contractors) on the essential factors that cause change orders were: (preparing a bill of quantities is inaccurate - weak consultant guess ). In contrast, the consultant's point of view differs, as he considers these causes ineffective. It can be interpreted that the consultant sees these factors as insignificant because of his duty to implement the bill of quantities and designs. This research paper concludes that a complex causal relationship exists between the causes of change orders. The relative importance index (RII) for variation order causes varies among different groups' viewpoints (owners, contractors, and consultants).

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Relationship between Third Trimester Vaginal Bleeding Medical Causes and pregnancy Outcomes of Pregnant Women Attending Bint Al-Huda Hospital in Al-Nasiriya City
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Objective: To find out the relationship between vaginal bleeding during third trimester and pregnancy outcomes. Methodology: A purposive sample is "Non-probability" of (100) women who had diagnostic vaginal bleeding during third trimester (27-40wk) of pregnancy, and who visited the Bint Al-Huda Hospital for the period from 15th Feb. to 17th May 2015.Validity and reliability of questionnaire are determined through pilot study. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data, and the data were collected by using interview technique, constructed questionnaire has been desig

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
CONSTRUCTION DELAY ANALYSIS USING DAILY WINDOWS TECHNIQUE
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Delays occur commonly in construction projects. Assessing the impact of delay is sometimes a contentious
issue. Several delay analysis methods are available but no one method can be universally used over another in
all situations. The selection of the proper analysis method depends upon a variety of factors including
information available, time of analysis, capabilities of the methodology, and time, funds and effort allocated to the analysis. This paper presents computerized schedule analysis programmed that use daily windows analysis method as it recognized one of the most credible methods, and it is one of the few techniques much more likely to be accepted by courts than any other method. A simple case study has been implement

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 08 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
the The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Malignant Thyroid Nodules
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Background: Thyroid nodules are very common in clinical practice. Although most of thyroid nodules are benign, it is crucial to checkout which nodules are more likely to be malignant. Ultrasound is a major diagnostic tool for screening and evaluating thyroid diseases because it is safe, non-invasive, non-radioactive and effective.
Objective: The aim is to identify the role of ultrasound in assessing thyroid nodules and to review various ultrasound criteria predicting malignancy.
Patients and methods: A case series study conducted during the period from January 2015 to February 2016 at the First Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Baghdad Teaching Hospital by a team of surgeons. One hundred eighty Patients who underwent surgical i

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
P the commercial activity of the city of Ghana in the fif
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The city of Ghana is one of the important commercial cities in the country of Sudan, as it was a major source of commercial exchanges, and a commercial mediator across the countries of the Maghreb and the metropolises of the countries of Sudan. Many, and most of them take the desert road,    Which traders had to endure the hardships of these roads from the insecurity, high winds and dust that sometimes destroyed the trade convoys, in order to obtain gold, which is one of the most important minerals that Ghana traded with various countries, in addition to the different goods that the merchants carried In particular, salt and its trade with Ghana, and also taxes, which were an important financial resource imposed by some gov

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The hydrological regime of the Tigris River in the city of Baghdad
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Water drainage pattern in the rivers and changed the nature of the renewed feeding areas
in the basin in terms of topographic and geological conditions and climate in addition to the
human role in organizing the process flow within these basins. This study addressed the
development of the Tigris River Hydrological in the city of Baghdad and found that the
annual rate of water drainage in the Tigris River was driven down very significantly,
especially in the past twenty years, and since 1996 up to 2014 record flow rates of less than
the overall rate of discharge of water, a (950 m3 / s ), in addition to the quarterly decrease the
discharge rates, especially since the beginning of the year 2000 and took converge all fo

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 05 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The role of the League of Arab States in the Syrian crisis
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Abstract The League of Arab States took many procedures against the Syrian political system, like suspended Syria's membership in the League of Arab States and sent a team of Arab observers headed by Dabi to discuss the situation there and issued some decisions and statements that called the Syrian regime to stop the use of violence and repression against the Syrian opposition.Through these steps, the Arab League has tried to help the Syrian parties to resolve the crisis. However, the role of the league in the Syrian crisis was characterized by weakness in general, and lack of seriousness, which contributed in the aggravation of the situation in Syria, and the intervention of major powers in the internal affairs of Syria.

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Publication Date
Thu May 03 2001
Journal Name
Master's Thesis
The image of the United States of America in the Iraqi press
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 30 2008
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Care of the Holy Quran In the era of the Noble Prophet
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This is a brief research in which I tried to briefly explain the care that the Holy Qur’an received during the era of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and all of his honorable companions, may God bless him and grant him peace. I made this research in an introduction and two chapters, the first chapter I made it entitled: About the Holy Qur’an, in which I talked about general investigations about the Holy Qur’an, such as the definition of the Holy Qur’an and the difference between it and the hadith Qudsi and the hadith of the Prophet, then I mentioned a part of the virtues of the Holy Qur’an in general and the virtues of some surahs in particular, and th

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2024
Journal Name
Iklīl For Humanities Studies
The directions of the Federal Supreme Court in determining the parliamentary bloc with the largest number in the Iraqi constitution of 2005
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Evaluation of Illustrations Images in the Content of the Computer Book for the Second Intermediate Grade from the Point of View of the Teachers of the Subject
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The research aims at evaluating the illustrations images and determining the availability of good image standards in the illustrations images of the content of the second intermediate stage computer's book for the academic year (2019-2020) as seen by computer teachers. The sample was randomly selected, (30) teachers who are actually teaching the subject in schools within the geographical area of the province of Baghdad (Karkh III). To achieve this goal, ten standards were identified: scientific accuracy, suitability for the level of students, image clarity, image freshness, quality of coloring, suitability of its location of the subject, Matching their content glimpsed, The subject matter is appropriate in terms of area, matching its tit

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