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Assessment of the Cost and Time Impact of Variation Orders on Construction Projects in Sulaimani Governorate
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Variation orders are an on-going phenomenon in construction and industry projects worldwide, particularly in the province of Sulaimani, where the project's damage from cost and schedule overrun because of variation orders. However, the effect on project costs and time overrun of variation order has yet to be identified. This study evaluates the impact of variation orders on the cost and time off in the Sulaimani governorate. Two hundred twenty-eight projects from various construction sectors built between 2007-2012 were adopted to calculate the contract cost and schedule overruns due to variation orders. Data analysis was applied in the study were descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA was also applied to determine whether the overrun of project cost and schedule significantly varied depending on project type, size, duration, location, and awarded years. The findings indicated that cost overruns are very common due to variation orders. 95.6% of the projects were studied being impacted, and overrun in project cost are also huge, with 16%. Time also overruns more common than cost overruns due to the variation orders. 98.7% of the projects were studied in Sulaimani were affected by time overrun with an average of 46.3% of initial duration observed. Findings also indicated that two out of five parameters measured in the analysis had a significant correlation with project cost overruns. Three out of five considered variables correlated with construction time overruns. 

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Macromolecular Symposia
Synthesis of 5‐Fluorouracil–Naproxen Conjugates as a Mutual Prodrug for Targeting Cancer Tissues
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Abstract<p>A new 5‐fluorouracil–naproxen conjugate is synthesized as a mutual prodrug for targeting cancer tissues. The structure of the target compound and their intermediate are characterized by their melting point, IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and elemental microanalysis. The cytotoxic activity is preliminarily evaluated using nonsmall lung cancer CRL‐2049, human breast cancer CAL‐51, and one type of normal cell line; rat embryo fibroblast cell line. The synthesized compound shows a good cytotoxic effect at the cancer cell and no significant effect at rat embryo fibroblast cell line.</p>
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Estimation of rock strength from sonic log for Buzurgan oil field: A Comparison study
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It is very difficult to obtain the value of a rock strength along the wellbore.  The value of Rock strength utilizing to perform different analysis, for example, preventing failure of the wellbore, deciding a completion design and, control the production of sand.  In this study, utilizing sonic log data from (Bu-50) and (BU-47) wells at Buzurgan oil field.  Five formations have been studied (Mishrif, Sadia, Middle lower Kirkuk, Upper Kirkuk, and Jaddala) Firstly, calculated unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for each formation, using a sonic log method.  Then, the derived confined compressive rock strengthens from (UCS) by entering the effect of bore and hydrostatic pressure for each formation.  Evaluations th

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering (ijece)
PSS/E based placement wind/PV hybrid system to improve stability of Iraqi grid
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<span lang="EN-US">Proper employment of Hybrid Wind/ PV system is often implemented near the load, and it is linked with the grid to study dynamic stability analysis. Generally, instability is because of sudden load demand variant and variant in renewable sources generation. As well as, weather variation creates several factors that affect the operation of the integrated hybrid system. So this paper introduces output result of a PV /wind via power electronic technique; DC chopper; that is linked to Iraqi power system to promote the facilitating achievement of Wind/ PV voltage. Moreover, PSS/E is used to study dynamic power stability for hybrid system which is attached to an effective region of Iraqi Network. The hybrid system

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Publication Date
Tue May 28 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Treatment of Waste Extract Lubricating Oil by Catalytic Cracking Process to Produce Light Fractions
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The catalytic cracking of three feeds of extract lubricating oil, that produced as a by-product from the process of furfural extraction of lubricating oil base stock in AL-Dura refinery at different operating condition, were carried out at a fixed bed laboratory reactor. The initial boiling point for these feeds was 140 ºC for sample (1), 86 ºC for sample (2) and 80 ºC for sample (3). The catalytic cracking processes were carried out at temperature range 325-400 ºC and initially at atmospheric pressure after 30 minutes over 9.88 % HY-zeolite catalyst load. The comparison between the conversion at different operating conditions of catalytic cracking processes indicates that a high yield was obtained at 375°C, according to gasoline pr

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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification
Studies of mass transfer at a spiral-wound woven wire mesh rotating cylinder electrode
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Mass transfer has been studied at rotating cylinder electrodes fabricated with spiral-wound woven-wire meshes using reduction of copper as a test reaction. The experimental data were correlated by an empirical expression between the Sherwood number and the Reynolds number, both regarding the hydraulic diameter as a characteristic length. It was found that the Sherwood number was dependent upon the Reynolds number to the power of 0.521. An enhancement factor was adopted to compare the efficiency of the new rotating cylinder electrode with previous three-dimensional rotating cylinder electrodes. The results showed that the new type has a mass-transfer enhancement factor 2.3 times higher than those obtained with smooth rotating cylinder electr

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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification
Studies of mass transfer at a spiral-wound woven wire mesh rotating cylinder electrode
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A Class of Harmonic Multivalent Functions for Higher Derivatives Associated with General Linear Operator
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    The main goal of this paper is to introduce the higher derivatives multivalent harmonic function class, which is defined by the general linear operator. As a result, geometric properties such as coefficient estimation, convex combination, extreme point, distortion theorem and convolution property are obtained. Finally, we show that this class is invariant under the Bernandi-Libera-Livingston integral for harmonic functions.

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2014
Journal Name
19th International Conference On Methods And Models In Automation And Robotics (mmar) 2014
A PSO-optimized type-2 fuzzy logic controller for navigation of multiple mobile robots
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 02 2022
Journal Name
Military Medical Science Letters
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AS A PROMISING APPROACH FOR DELIVERY OF ANTICANCER AGENTS: REVIEW ARTICLE
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Propulsion And Power Research
Heat transfer enhancement from heat sources using optimal design of combined fins heat-sinks
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