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A Case Study of Bus Line Passenger Volumes of Bakrajo Bus Lines in Sulaimani City
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Transit agencies constantly need information about system operations and passengers to support their regular scheduling and operation planning processes. The lack of these processes and cultural motivations to use public transportations contributes enormously to the reliance on the private cars rather than public transportation, resulting in traffic congestions. The traffic congestions occur mainly during peak hours and the accidents happening as a result of road accidents and construction works.  This study investigates the effects of weekday and weekend travel variability on peak hours of the passenger flow distribution on bus lines, which can effectively reflect the degree of traffic congestion. A study of passenger traffic flow patterns during these times can impact planning decisions on transportation engineers. It can be viewed as a building block for generating a reliable schedule for a given bus route within the context of an optimization process.  Collecting data sets of a two-directional bus line in Sulaimani city, connecting a residential district to the city center, for three days (Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday), and this study analyzed the flow and distribution of weekday and weekend passenger movements along with the bus stops of each direction on-peak and off-peak periods. The results indicate that Thursday passenger volume is more similar to Friday passenger volume than on Wednesday passenger volume. The passenger volume of direction D1 (from the residential district to the city center) is double that of direction D2 (from the city center to the residential district). The maximum morning peak time is on Wednesday with 442 passengers/hr, starting from 7:30 to 9:00, and the maximum evening peak hour is on Thursday with 420 passengers/hr, beginning from 14:30 to 16:30.

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Comparative Study of Various Intelligent Optimization Algorithms Based on Path Planning and Neural Controller for Mobile Robot
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In this paper, a cognitive system based on a nonlinear neural controller and intelligent algorithm that will guide an autonomous mobile robot during continuous path-tracking and navigate over solid obstacles with avoidance was proposed. The goal of the proposed structure is to plan and track the reference path equation for the autonomous mobile robot in the mining environment to avoid the obstacles and reach to the target position by using intelligent optimization algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithms are used to finding the solutions of the mobile robot navigation problems in the mine by searching the optimal paths and finding the reference path equation of the optimal

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 11 2021
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch
Diagnostic study of candidiasis in the mouth, urine and vagina of diabetic and healthy people
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A study that collected 240 samples and divided into two groups: the first 120 samples were for diabetics and the second 120 samples were for healthy people, and each group included (90, 20.10) samples from the mouth, urine and vagina respectively, The results showed positive (28.67, 4.00, 1.67) isolates of Candida. In the mouth, urine and vagina, respectively, of diabetic patients compared to (9.33, 2.33, 5.00) positive isolates in the mouth, urine and vagina, respectively, in the healthy. The rate of positive isolates in women was high in women with diabetes and healthy, and it reached 25.33 and 9.00 isolates, respectively, compared with the rate of isolates in men with Candida disease for diabetic patients and healthy people 14.67 and 2.0

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of accounting disclosure in granting bank financing A field study ona sample of banks operating in the state of Gezira 2022 AD: (دراسة ميدانية على عينة من المصارف العاملة في ولاية الجزيرة 2022م)
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                 The aim of the research is to identify the adequacy of accounting disclosure in granting bank financing in explaining the role of accounting disclosure in granting bank financing by linking the concepts of full, comprehensive and adequate disclosure to bank financing. The impact of full accounting disclosure on granting bank financing, the existence of an impact of comprehensive accounting disclosure on granting bank financing, the existence of an impact of adequate accounting disclosure on granting bank financing, and the research relied on the descriptive approach, the deductive and inductive approach, the inferential analytical approach, a

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Epidemiological Study of Viral Hepatitis/ Chibayish Marsh Reality in Iraq
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Total of 170 samples were collected from Al-Chibayish Marsh reality in Dhi-Qar governorate southern of Iraq to study the epidemology of viral hepatitis in these areas and to detect the type of hepatitis viruses which include A ,B,C,D .The percentage of hepatitis A was 1.17% and most of them below age of ?10 (66.6%) while infection with hepatitis B account 5.29% and includes all age groups. There was no detected cases of hepatitis C,D. The laboratory study showed that the incidence of hepatitis B higher in male (4.11%) compared to female ( 2.35%)

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 18 2018
Journal Name
14th Lisbon International Conference On Agricultural, Biological, Environmental And Medical Sciences (labems-18)
Anatomical Study of Species Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (Convolvulaceae) in Iraq
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The current study included the collection of soft samples for Ipomoea carnea Jacq. The anatomical properties of the leaf, which included the characteristics of the surface epidermis, the vertical section of the leaf, the transverse section of the petiole, the pedicel and the indumentum, as well as the study of leaf venation, were examined

Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Investigation and Study of Photonic Current Rate in Bremsstrahlung process
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In this paper, we investigate and study quantum theoretical of quark-gluon interaction modeling in QGP matter formatted. In theoretical modeling, we can use a flavor number, strength coupling, critical energy Tc = 190 MeV, system energy (400-650)MeV, fugacity of quark and gluon, and photon energy in range of 1-10 GeV parameter to calculation and investigation spectrum of photon rate. We calculation and study the photon rate produced through bremsstrahlung processes from the stable QGP matter. The photon rate production from cg → dgy systems at bremsstrahlung processes are found to be increased with increased fugacity, decreased strength coupling, decreased the photons energy and temperature of system. The photons rate in cg → dgy is inc

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 07 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Color Stability of Different Aesthetic Archwires (An In vitro study)
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Background: Coated aesthetic archwires are currently the existing solutions for the esthetic problem, but the color of these archwires tends to change overtime. This study was aimed to evaluate the color stability of different types of esthetic archwires from four different companies at different time periods after immersion of two different staining drinks which are tea and Pepsi cola. Materials and methods: 48 specimens were prepared, each specimen contains 10 aesthetic archwires; and were divided according to type of solution into two groups: A (tea) &B (Pepsi cola); each group contained 24 specimens (12 specimens were immersed in the staining solution as 4 specimens for each time intervals and 12 specimens were immersed in distilled wa

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Anatomical study of the Carissa macrocarpa (Apocynaceae family) in Iraq
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This study was conducted to examine the anatomical aspects of Carissa macrocarpa, of stem, leaf and leaf venation. The results obtaind showed that the tissue of the studied parts have important anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of the cross-sectional of stem and vertical-sectional of leaves. The stem section appeared in circular and the midrib was crescent shape and the stomata appeared on the upper surface of the leaf only, Tetracytic in type. Druses crystals and Aleurone granules appeared on both surfaces of leaves. The venation type was Brochidodromous in which the secondary veins do not end at the edge of the leaf, and each secondary race is connected with the higher rac

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 16 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
STUDY OF TINEA PEDIS IN DIABETIC VERSUS NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS
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Background : The aim of this work is to study the clinical features and causative fungi of tinea pedis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Result : Tinea pedis was estimated to be the second most common skin disease in the United States, after acne. Up to 15% of the U.S., population may have tinea pedis. Across Europe and East Asia, prevalence rates reach 20 %. Methods: The Complete history taking regarding: age, sex, occupation, residency, history of diabetes and diabetic profile (fasting blood sugar and post prandial).and Clinical examination of the feet Aim of the study : The aim of this work was to study the clinical features and causative fungi of tinea pedis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients Conclusion : Tinea pedis is more

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 08 2025
Journal Name
Phytotaxa
Palynological study of subfamily Caesalpiniodeae species (Fabaceae) in Baghdad (Iraq)
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Pollen morphology characterization is an important field in taxonomy. This study aims to identify and characterize the pollen morphology for fourteen species from subfamily Caesalpiniodeae (Fabaceae). The results showed the similarity of all species pollen in terms of being monad and tri,zono-colporate type, and each Ceratonia siliqua and Senna occidentalis distinguished by having tetra,zono-colporate pollen as well, and the results revealed the prevalence of reticulate configuration in most studies species, while Ceratonia siliqua characterized by striates configuration, Cassia fistula distinguished by verrrucate-gemmate wall, and Senna species by verrrucate- perforate, as for the shape, showed a discrepancy in the general shape fr

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