Rate of penetration plays a vital role in field development process because the drilling operation is expensive and include the cost of equipment and materials used during the penetration of rock and efforts of the crew in order to complete the well without major problems. It’s important to finish the well as soon as possible to reduce the expenditures. So, knowing the rate of penetration in the area that is going to be drilled will help in speculation of the cost and that will lead to optimize drilling outgoings. In this research, an intelligent model was built using artificial intelligence to achieve this goal. The model was built using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system to predict the rate of penetration in Mishrif formation in Nasiriya oil field for the selected wells. The mean square error for the results obtained from the ANFIS model was 0.015. The model was trained and simulated using MATLAB and Simulink platform. Laboratory measurements were conducted on core samples selected from two wells. Ultrasonic device was used to measure the transit time of compressional and shear waves and to compare these results with log records. Ten wells in Nasiriya oil field had been selected based on the availability of the data. Dynamic elastic properties of Mishrif formation in the selected wells were determined by using Interactive Petrophysics (IP V3.5) software and based on the las files and log records provided. The average rate of penetration of the studied wells was determined and listed against depth with the average dynamic elastic properties and fed into the fuzzy system. The average values of bulk modulus for the ten wells ranged between (20.57) and (27.57) . For shear modulus, the range was from (8.63) to (12.95) GPa. Also, the Poisson’s ratio values varied from (0.297) to (0.307). For the first group of wells (NS-1, NS-3, NS-4, NS-5, and NS-18), the ROP values were taken from the drilling reports and the lowest ROP was at the bottom of the formation with a value of (3.965) m/hrs while the highest ROP at the top of the formation with a value (4.073) m/hrs. The ROP values predicted by the ANFIS for this group were (3.181) m/hrs and (4.865) m/hrs for the lowest and highest values respectively. For the second group of wells (NS-9, NS-15, NS-16, NS-19, and NS-21), the highest ROP obtained from drilling reports was (4.032) m/hrs while the lowest value was (3.96) m/hrs. For the predicted values by ANFIS model were (2.35) m/hrs and (4.3) m/hrs for the lowest and highest ROP values respectively.
Throughout this paper R represents a commutative ring with identity and all R-modules M are unitary left R-modules. In this work we introduce the notion of S-maximal submodules as a generalization of the class of maximal submodules, where a proper submodule N of an R-module M is called S-maximal, if whenever W is a semi essential submodule of M with N ? W ? M, implies that W = M. Various properties of an S-maximal submodule are considered, and we investigate some relationships between S-maximal submodules and some others related concepts such as almost maximal submodules and semimaximal submodules. Also, we study the behavior of S-maximal submodules in the class of multiplication modules. Farther more we give S-Jacobson radical of ri
... Show MoreIt is noted in the title that the paper studies the viewpoint in the novel The Dog and the Long Night by the Iranian novelist Shahranoush Parsi Pour and in the novel Alibaba's Sad Night by the Iraqi novelist Abdulkhaliq Ar-Rikabi. Both are well known novelists, and about whose stories and novels many critical books, MA theses, and Ph.D. dissertations have been written. Also, some of their literary works have won prizes. Here, the researcher shed light on the concept of viewpoint, its types, and its importance in novels in general. This was done along with tackling the two viewpoints in both novels, where similarities and differences were identified. For this end, the researcher has adopted the analytic-descriptive appro
... Show MoreBackground: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes permanent morbidity, premature mortality and great burden to the healthcare system. Smoking is it's most common risk factor and Spirometry is for diagnosing COPD and monitoring its progression.
Objectives: Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in symptomatic smokers’ ≥ 40years by spirometry.
Methods: A cross sectional study on all symptomatic smokers aged ≥ 40 years attending ten PHCCs in Baghdad Alkarkh and Alrisafa. Those whose FEV1/FVC was <70% on spirometry; after giving bronchodilator, were considered COPD +ve.
Results: Overall, airway obstruction was seen in
... Show MoreIt is a common Knowledge that adverbs in Turkish languages can modify verbs, adjectives, nouns or other adverbs. Moreover, adverbs can determine the meanings of nouns and verbs in a sentence as far as time, place, manner, quantity and interrogative are concerned. The present study debates adverbs’ functions in Namiq Kamal’s play Vatan yahut Silistre.
The study sheds light on the author’s use of the adverbs to describe the required theatrical actions of the play and to convey his reflections and thoughts easily to the auidence. One of the main hindrances encountered in conducting the study is the shortage of the upto date academic resources necessary for
... Show MoreIn this paper, we present the almost approximately nearly quasi compactly packed (submodules) modules as an application of the almost approximately nearly quasiprime submodule. We give some examples, remarks, and properties of this concept. Also, as the strong form of this concept, we introduce the strongly, almost approximately nearly quasi compactly packed (submodules) modules. Moreover, we present the definitions of almost approximately nearly quasiprime radical submodules and almost approximately nearly quasiprime radical submodules and give some basic properties of these concepts that will be needed in section four of this research. We study these two concepts extensively.
The protection of public money and its surrounding with special provisions that guarantee that protection from every legal or material assault by the supervisory bodies competent to combat corruption are described as a criminal procedural protection aimed at prosecuting criminals in general crimes and government corruption crimes in particular, and working to recover funds and return them to the state treasury, These agencies operate in an integrated format, each other and in a coherent manner with each other, in order to achieve the purpose of their establishment and reach the basic goal, which is to eliminate corruption from the theoretical side Practical reality.
In this paper, an algorithm for binary codebook design has been used in vector quantization technique, which is used to improve the acceptability of the absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) method. Vector quantization (VQ) method is used to compress the bitmap (the output proposed from the first method (AMBTC)). In this paper, the binary codebook can be engender for many images depending on randomly chosen to the code vectors from a set of binary images vectors, and this codebook is then used to compress all bitmaps of these images. The chosen of the bitmap of image in order to compress it by using this codebook based on the criterion of the average bitmap replacement error (ABPRE). This paper is suitable to reduce bit rates
... Show MoreThere are many methods of searching large amount of data to find one particular piece of information. Such as find name of person in record of mobile. Certain methods of organizing data make the search process more efficient the objective of these methods is to find the element with least cost (least time). Binary search algorithm is faster than sequential and other commonly used search algorithms. This research develops binary search algorithm by using new structure called Triple, structure in this structure data are represented as triple. It consists of three locations (1-Top, 2-Left, and 3-Right) Binary search algorithm divide the search interval in half, this process makes the maximum number of comparisons (Average case com
... Show MoreSongs are considered as an educational and a substantial dependable references used in teaching and learning, particularly the so - called foreign language learning that allows learners to adapt to the target language culture and to develop their language learning skills including: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, speaking and writing. Consequently, it can be said that the Francophone songs with the musical richness and resonance specifically facilities French language learning skills for all levels of education and achieve short and long terms predetermined educational language learning goals.
In fact, language learning through songs method does not only include the
... Show MoreWe introduce in this paper the concept of approximaitly semi-prime submodules of unitary left -module over a commutative ring with identity as a generalization of a prime submodules and semi-prime submodules, also generalization of quasi-prime submodules and approximaitly prime submodules. Various basic properties of an approximaitly semi-prime submodules are discussed, where a proper submodule of an -module is called an approximaitly semi-prime submodule of , if whenever , where , and , implies that . Furthermore the behaviors of approximaitly semi-prime submodule in some classes of modules are studied. On the other hand several characterizations of this concept are
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