The current research aims to find out ( the effectiveness of the structural model of learning in the acquisition of geographical concepts at the first grade average students ) , and achieving the goals of research has been formulating the null hypothesis of the following :

    " There is no difference statistically significant when Mistoi (0.5 ) between the mean scores of the collection of students in the experimental group that is studying the general geographical principles " Bonmozj constructivist learning " and the mean scores of the control group , which is considering the same article ," the traditional way " to acquire concepts.

The researcher adopted th

In this article, we developed a new loss function, as the simplification of linear exponential loss function (LINEX) by weighting LINEX function. We derive a scale parameter, reliability and the hazard functions in accordance with upper record values of the Lomax distribution (LD). To study a small sample behavior performance of the proposed loss function using a Monte Carlo simulation, we make a comparison among maximum likelihood estimator, Bayesian estimator by means of LINEX loss function and Bayesian estimator using square error loss (SE) function. The consequences have shown that a modified method is the finest for valuing a scale parameter, reliability and hazard functions.

    A faunistic review of the genus Chaitophorus Koch, 1854, including four species in Iraq is given; the distribution data of each species and their hosts have been recorded. In this investigation the poplar leaf aphid Ch. populialbae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) is recorded here for the first time in Iraq on popular trees Populus euphratica Oliv. during the period from November 2016 to April 2017 in Baghdad province.

    A brief description for apterous viviparous female of this species is given; and a  key to the species of the genus Chaitophorus is constricted.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of the constructivist model of yager in acquiring the geographical concepts among first intermediate students in geography. The study was carried on based on the null hypothesis, which states, there is no significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the experimental group that follows yager model in learning the principles of geography, and the control group that studies the same subject considering the traditional methods of learning, the. To do so, a sample of (70) first-intermediate student were chosen purposefully from two random class for the academic year (2016-2017) divided into two groups. The selected schools located at Al-rusafa side in the city of Baghdad, as well

The present study aims at knowing the effect of instrumental enrichment in the acquisition of geographical concepts for first grade student in intermediate school. The study is restricted in the students of first grade student in intermediate school\ The EducationalDirectorate of Rusafa for academic (2013/2014),for the purpose of achieving the objective, the following hypotheses:

There is no statistical significant different at the level of (0.5) between the scores of the experimental group  who study geography according to the instrumental enrichment and the scores of the control group who learned geographical according to the traditional methods.

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In this study, the specimens of land snails Polygyra cereolus (Megerle v on Mühlfeld t , 181 8
(Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, are collected between March and April 2021
from gardens and nurseries in Baghdad province, this species was recorded as a new record to
Iraq molluscan fauna. Description of the most important characteristics, measurements of the
shell are presented with digital p photographs, subsequently, this study represents the first record
of the Polygyridae in Iraq.