Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system.  

Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system.  to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a tot

The aim of the research is to provide an analytical study to promote financial inclusion in Iraq by clarifying the opportunities and challenges of the economic and demographic situation in Iraq, studying the structure of the financial system and introducing non-bank financial institutions operating in Iraq, and using the descriptive approach. Analytical in the study of the phenomenon of research, the research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which were:

• Iraqi society is a young society.
• The majority of the population is 70 percent. They live almost in urban areas.
• The coverage of bank branch networks is concentrated in only four provinces, leaving other provinces outside financial

Mandali Basin is located between latitudes (33◦ 39' 00" and 33^◦
54' 55") to the north and longitudes (45ο 11' 00" and 45ο 40' 00") to the
east; to the east of Diyala province at the Iraqi-Iranian border; the
basin area is approximately 491 km².
From the study of climate reality of the basin between 1990-
2013and assessment of the basic climate transactions, it was found
that the annual rate of rainfall is 253.02 mm, the relative humidity
(44.4%), the temperature (21.3 ◦C), wind speed (2.08 m /sec.),
sunshine (8.27 h/day) and evaporation of the basin class (a) (271.98
mm) and corrected potential evapotranspiration (80.03 mm). The
results of the data analysis show that, there are

Bioremoval of chromium from wastewater of tannery factory in Iraq was studied. The bacteria Proteus vulgaris 7E showed an enhanced capability in biosorping chromium when its concentration increased in the solution, reaching a maximum of 476,7 mg/ ml out of 492 mg/ ml under optimum conditions at pH 6 and 50°C at one hour contact time and biomass of 1 mg/ml. The present results showed that dead cells of P. vulgaris 7E biosorbed 87.41 mg/ml of chromium in comparison with91.18 mg/ml of chromium biosorbed by living cells, this indicates the insignificant effect of physiological state of cells. It was found that the above biosorption is physico-chemical process depends upon electrostatic attraction forces. The results has illustrated that the

Two specie's of terrnitls are described as new to science from Iraq Amitermes corpnlentus sp. n. and Anacanthotermes savvensis sp. n., with two figures.

Bekhme formation, Dernir Dagh well -1 has been divided into two facies units using core
sample slides and depending on sedimentary structures and diagenetic processes .The facies
reflect the environment of the foreslope.This work proves the absence of Bekhme formation
in Dernir Dagh
Well- 1 as a tongue as reported by the Oil Exploration Company. Some species and genera of
bentonic foraminifera were identified. The age of Bekhme formation was estimated
depending on the recognized index fossils to be lower Maastrichtian.

The abdominal nerve cord of some species of Iraq Carabids has been studied to evaluate
the variation in the number of the abdominal ganglia among the species and to find out
relation of these variations with the classical taxonomy of the family Carabidae into tribes.