Identification of pathogens and locating their inocul¬um source (S) are the first strategies toward successful disease management program the pretransplating seedl¬ing damping - off problem on vegetable crops was found to be caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizocto¬nia solani. Both fungi were isolated from peat (moss) for the first time in Iraq. In addition, considerable num¬ber of pathogenic fungi was found as contaminants in soil samples from Alrashidiah vegetable covered farming station. Among the isolated fungi were: Pythium apha¬nidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani phialophora spp., Cephalisporium spp Rizopus stolonfier and Botrytis cine¬rea, in addition to several of other folair pathogens Econo¬mic important diseases such as vascular wilt, stem and root rots, blight and fruit rots were found to be caused by those fungi on tomato, cucumber, cucurbit, eggplant and pepper plants that were grown at Alrashidiah. The results suggest that chemical, physical and / or biological treatments should be urgently applied for profitable vegetable growing at this station.
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This paper investigates the interaction between fiscal and monetary policy in Iraq after 2003 using the prisoner’s dilemma.The paper aims to determine the best form of coordination between these policies to achieve their goals; payoff matrix for both policies was constructed. To achieve the purpose, the quantitative approach was applied using several methods, including regression, building payoff matrices and decision analysis using a number of software.The results of the monetary policy payment function show that inflation rate has an inverse relationship with the auctions of selling foreign currency and a positive relationship with the government’s activity, while the fiscal policy function shows that real growth is positively
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Background: Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic drug in different types of cancers (ovarian, testicular, and hematological) with several types of adverse effects, including testicular toxicity. Fimasartan is a newer angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Omega-3 is an unsaturated fatty acid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: to evaluate the protective effects of fimasartan alone or in combination with omega-3 against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group, cisplatin-treated group, fimasartan+cisplatin group, fimasartan+omega-3+cisplatin group, and omega-3+cisplatin group. Trea
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Fibroblast growth factor-23, play an important role in atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification. Sevelamer can improve vascular calcification, serum uric acid, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and Fibroblast growth factor-23. Aim of study Assessment the effect of sevelamer as phosphate binder against calcium carbonate on Fibroblast growth factor-23. Methods A prospective open-labelled study that included patients on hemodialysis. A total of 72 patients were screened, only 53 patients completed the 10 week period. Adults patients with serum phosphate as> 5.5 mg/dl were included. There were Group1: Includes 28 patients (19 males and 9 females receiving sevelamer carbonate (Renvela) tablet. Group 2: Include 25pati
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