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A Population based Study on Self Medication Practice in Pakistan
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Background: The risk of antibiotics resistance (AR) increases due to excessive of antibiotics either by health care provider or by the patients.

Objective: The assessment of the self-medication Practice of over the counter drugs and other prescription drugs and its associated risk factor.

Subjects and Methods: Study design: A descriptive study was conducted from “20th December 2019 to 08th January 2021”. A pre validated and structured questionnaire in English and Urdu language was created to avoid language barrier including personal detail, reasons and source and knowledge about over the counter drugs and Antibiotics. Sample of the study was randomly selected. Data was analyzed by software SPSS version 22.

Results: Out of n=3388 respondents, the prevalence of self -medication practice of OTC drugs and antibiotics as self – medication practice in all of the respondents is 88% and 85.9% respectively. Knowledge of the respondents about the use of the antibiotics as well as side effects of antibiotics was 40.7% and 15.3% respectively. Headache, fever, cough and stomach problem were the minor ailments for which   majority of OTC drugs and antibiotics used respectively. The commonly used OTC drugs and OPDEA were Paracetamol and Omeprazole. The commonly used antibiotics were Metronidazole, Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid and Ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion: Government should make policies to train pharmacist in the community for antibiotics stewardship and standard treatment guidelines through educational workshops. Our future study will be on how to minimize antimicrobial resistance in the developing countries

  1.  Conclusion: Government should make policies to train pharmacist in the community for antibiotics stewardship and standard treatment guidelines through educational workshops. Our future study will be on how to minimize antimicrobial resistance in the developing countries.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2024
Journal Name
Misan Journal For Physical Education Sciences
A comparative study of the reasons for the reluctance of female physical education teachers in “Baqubah” to participate in refereeing sports competitions according to the variable of years of service
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When searching for an answer to the following question: What are the reasons for the reluctance of female physical education teachers in secondary schools to referee sports competitions according to the variable of years of service? It was found that the research aimed to reveal the differences between the opinions of the research sample of physical education teachers in secondary schools (girls) about refereeing sports competitions according to the variable of years of service. To achieve the research goal, it is assumed that there are significant differences between the average opinions of the research sample of female teachers and their reluctance and the reasons for the differences in the practice of refereeing sports competitions accor

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Social responsibility and its role in enhancing the quality of services: an analytical study of the views of a sample of employees in the Directorate of Electricity Distribution Nineveh / Center
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The current research aims to diagnose the role of social responsibility as a contributing factor in enhancing the quality of services provided by the public sector in Iraq, where the research sought to demonstrate the relationship and impact of social responsibility dimensions (economic, legal, moral, and human) on the sector Services related to the electric field in Nineveh governorate because of its importance and its direct relationship with the citizen especially after the end of military operations in the destruction of the electricity sector by a large percentage in the city of Mosul. Nineveh Electricity Distribution Directorate / Center was chosen as a research community including (administrators and staff) of the research

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
BUMPINESS IN THE ATMOSPHERE IN IRAQ STUDY IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF CLIMATE
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Bumpiness in the atmosphere is the vertical movement of air, whether
upward or downward movement and the bumpiness is accompanied by areas
of unrest in the air and wind. And contribute to each of the coups thermal
fronts, wind, wind and thunderstorms. Moreover, bumpiness is net of the
reasons that lead to circumstances is appropriate to cut the wind, and this
contributes to the formation of bumpiness in the atmosphere. The study found
that the noon of the times, which is expected to occur where clear-air
bumpiness during flights because of the warmth of the earth's surface. The
study found increased incidence of air hole during the summer, especially
July, due to increased incidence of coup surface, while the s

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Existential Dilemma as a Philosophical Problem in The Beggar by Naguib Mahfouz
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     The Beggar (1965) is a story of isolation and depression which is written by the Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz who is considered the father of Arabic Literature in the modern era. Specifically, he refers in his great novel called The Beggar that the man unable to achieve psychological revival after Nasser’s revolution, the man sacrificed his own job and his family for a desire that increases his feelings of alienation and depression which leads him to an emotional outcry against the indifferent. The main aim of the study highlights the concept of existential dilemma as a philosophical problem and personality crisis by the protagonist of The Beggar novel, Omer Al-Hamzawi who had acc

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
New Approach in Detection MAC Spoofing in a WiFi LAN
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Medium Access Control (MAC) spoofing attacks relate to an attacker altering the manufacturer assigned MAC address to any other value. MAC spoofing attacks in Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network are simple because of the ease of access to the tools of the MAC fraud on the Internet like MAC Makeup, and in addition to that the MAC address can be changed manually without software. MAC spoofing attacks are considered one of the most intensive attacks in the WiFi network; as result for that, many MAC spoofing detection systems were built, each of which comes with its strength and weak points. This paper logically identifies and recognizes the weak points
and masquerading paths that penetrate the up-to-date existing detection systems. Then the

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The most important and important rule in the Quranic perspective "An applied study"
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Abstract

    All of us are indispensable for this rule (the most important and important) individuals, whether we were groups of leaders or followers of peoples or countries because the rule provides adequate guarantees for the correct positions and drawing the plan for successful decision-makers matching with the balances of Sharia without incompatibility between religious or worldly interests or legal positions and therefore in the framework of the most important appointment And distinguish it from the important from the interests or the appointment of the most important and distinguish from the important from the evils and through this rule we learn about the scientific and practical solutions t

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 18 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Auditing Quality According To Artificial Intelligence: Applied Research on A Sample of Regulatory Bodies Working In The Federal Board of Supreme Audit
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The Evolution Of Information Technology And The Use Of Computer Systems Led To Increase Attention To The Use Of Modern Techniques In The Auditing Process , As It Will Overcome Some Of The Human Shortcomings In The Exercise Of Professional Judgment, Then It Can Improve The Efficiency And Effectiveness Of The Audit Process, Where The New Audit Methodologies Espouse The Concept Of Risk Which Includes Strategic Dimension With Regard To The Capacity Of The Entity To Achieve Its Goals, Which Requires Auditors To Rely On Advanced Technology That Can Identify The Factors Which Prevent The Entity From Achieving Its Objectives. The Idea Of Research Is To Preparing An Electronic Program Fer All Audit Work From Planning Through Sampling And Document

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Publication Date
Thu May 10 2018
Journal Name
Global Journal Of Health Science; Issn 1916-9736 E-issn 1916-9744
Effects of Biological and Non Biological Agents (Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs) on Bone Mineral Density in a Sample of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
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Background: Osteoporosis is an extra-articular complication of rheumatoid arthritis that results in increased risk of fractures and associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Objective: To evaluate changes in bone mineral density in a sample of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on biological (anti tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha) and non-biological agent disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study enrolled 60 RA patients diagnosed by rheumatologist according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (2010 ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for RA. Thirty patient on biological agent (anti TNF alpha) and 30 patient on non-biological agent (D

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of technical indicators on the movement of bank stock prices : Applied research in a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks
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This study aimed at indicators of technical analysis and their impact on a group of trading stock indices related to it, by standing on the methods used in technical analysis and its various models, diagnosing the obstacles and difficulties that the participants face in predicting stock prices, and proposing solutions and recommendations to overcome and overcome them. From a scientific and practical perspective.

Where the research community consisted of (25) Iraqi private commercial banks, while the research sample consisted of (3) banks with a percentage of (12%) of the research community. The study used the analytical approach to the financial statements during the period between (1/2/ 2022-30/4/2022),

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Marketing commission and its role in enhancing the competitive advantage of insurance companies : Applied research on a sample of Iraqi insurance companies
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Abstract:

                 The research aims to improve the insurance service through the marketing commission as a tool that enables the insurance companies to achieve a competitive advantage. The researcher, by observing the challenges faced by insurance companies, insurance agents and brokers, raised the main question of the research: Is there an effect of the marketing commission on the competitive advantage of insurance companies? The data was obtained through the financial statements and annual reports of the research sample companies (the National General Insurance Company, the Iraqi General Insurance Company, Al-Hamra Private

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