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Practice & Opinion of Doctors in Hospitals toward Referral System in Iraq
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Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system.  

Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system.  to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling.

Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form.

 

 

 

الملخص:

الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية.

الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة.

طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية.

النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي.

الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة.

 

 

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Semigroup ideal in Prime Near-Rings with Derivations
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In this paper we generalize some of the results due to Bell and Mason on a near-ring N admitting a derivation D , and we will show that the body of evidence on prime near-rings with derivations have the behavior of the ring. Our purpose in this work is to explore further this ring like behavior. Also, we show that under appropriate additional hypothesis a near-ring must be a commutative ring.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 05 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Holy representations in European religious duties (1200- 1600)
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The representations of the Holy in Christian painting Art represents a penalty of eternal relationship between any human society and sacred representations and forms that he belives in what is characterized by its clear tendency to knowledge and aclear focus on the spiritual experience that make up the human relationship with holy spirit and essence. Search has ment to study the forms of its presence in the art work of the middle ages.Research involved four shapters .first chapter includes research problem which centered around the following question;what is holy ? whats its represetations in Christian painting? And the importance and need of the study .and the goal of research and definitaions of the terms of research.Second chapter con

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 19 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
Dynamic Knowledge Athenaeum for Parametricism in Interior Design
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Over the last few years, the interior designer has been given the ability to access many innovative tools for new forms of unprecedented diversity and efficiency. Some design experts have described the new parametric procedures they are introducing to create new interior projects as a radical transformation that carries all the elements of a qualitative shift in interior design. The best of these parametric procedures is the technical capabilities offered by us to create new forms that are different from what has been discussed in everything that has been produced by designers and architects since modernity and even before it to the present time, which returns our design products through a series of computer programs that perform the pro

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Risk Factors for Recurrent Febrile Convulsions in Children
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Background: Febrile convulsions are the most frequent type of seizures in children under 6 years of age. Significant percentage of these children will later suffer from recurrence of febrile convulsion.Objectives: To identify the main risk factors for recurrent febrile convulsions in children.Methods: we carried out a case control study involving 89 children those who experienced first attack of febrile convulsions and 92 children with recurrent attack of febrile convulsions. The study was conducted in Central Children Teaching Hospital, Baghdad during the period 2006- 2007. Results: Compared to children with first attack of febrile convulsion, children with recurrent seizures were younger at onset (4- 12m) (67% vs. 44%), mainly male (70

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Hydrodynamics, Mass and Heat Transfer in Reactive Distillation
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      The ethyl acetate synthesis via heterogeneous reactive distillation is studied experimentally using ethanol and acetic acid. Three types of cation exchanging resins were used as catalysts: Zerolit 225, Zerolit 226 and Ambylite 400. Experiments were carried out in two units of the same dimensions. Each unit consisted of three sections: rectifying, reactive and stripping sections of heights (60+25+20) cm respectively and 2.5cm column diameter. The first unit (column-A-) was a fractionation type and the second unit (column-B-) was packed column. The packing type was hollow glass cylinders with 10 mm height, and 4, 5 mm inner and outer diameter respectively.

      The experiment

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2006
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Demonstratives in English and Arabic : A Contrastive Study
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This paper studies the demonstratives as deictic expressions in Standard Arabic and English by outlining their phonological, syntactic and semantic properties in the two languages. On the basis of the outcome of this outline, a contrastive study of the linguistic properties of this group of deictic expressions in the two languages is conducted next. The aim is to find out what generalizations could be made from the results of this contrastive study.

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 26 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Serum Zinc and Copper Changes in Male Infertility
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Objective: The aim of this study to detect the correlation between trace elements such as zinc, copper and
spermatogenesis, sperm viability and motility.
Methodology: Serum and semen samples were collected from one hundred twenty patients with age ranged (20-
50 years) attending the high institute for Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment/ Baghdad University, in
addition to thirty fertile males their age comparable to that of patients. The period of this study was from June
2004 until the end of October 2004.
Results: The result of routine seminal fluid analysis of all infertile males was divided according to WHO, (1999) limit
into four groups: Asthenospermia(A), Asthenoteratospermia(AT), Oligoasthenoteratospermi

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Loving life in Al- jahiliya potry is peace
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Meanings Mentioned in the Quran - objective study
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Praise be to God, who has seen uniting the wonders of manufactures, and pronounced Pthamidh oddity Alambdoat, and swam his creation in different languages, Glory is not equal to one in the earth and the heavens, praise Him, and I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone with no partner certificate towering branches, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger sent swage Arab government balance, and clearest statement, and the highest residence and Ohllagha words, and Oovaha Zmama, he pointed the way and advised the creation, and the month of Islam, breaking idols, and showed provisions, uncle Balanaam, God separated blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and the God of the good and virtuous and his compani

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is
the most common form of chronic anovulation
associated with androgen excess; it occurs in about 5
– 10% 0f reproductive age women. Metabolic
syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance,
hypertension, obesity, abnormalities of blood clotting
and dyslipidemia.
Adult women with PCOS have an increased
prevalence of the metabolic syndrome(MBS).
Objectives: To detect the prevalence of metabolic
syndrome in women with proved PCOS, attending the
Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, in
Baghdad.
Materials and methods : A total number of 40
women with proved PCOS were included in this study
which was conducted in the Specialized Center f

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