Background: The immunogenetic predisposition
may be considered as an important factor for the
development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
in association with the HLA antigens.
Objective:This study was designed to investigate
the role of HLA-class II antigens in the etiology of
type T1DM and in prediction of this disease in
siblings, and its effect on expression of glutamic
acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA).
methods:Sixty children who were newly diagnosed
type 1 diabetes (diagnosed less than five months)
were selected. Their age ranged from 3-17 years.
Another 50 healthy siblings were available for this
study, their ages range from 3-16 years. Eighty
apparently healthy control subjects, matched with
age (4-17) years, sex and ethnic backgrounds
(Iraqi Arabs) underwent the HLA-typing
examination. Finally 50 healthy individuals were
selected randomly to undergo GADA test.
Results:At HLA-class II region, DR3 and DR4
were significantly increased in patients (53.33
vs.26.25% and 50.0 vs. 12.5% respectively) as
compared to controls. In
addition to that, T1DM was significantly associated
with DQ2 (33.33 vs.15%) and DQ3 (40.0 vs.20%)
antigens as compared to controls, suggesting that
these antigens had a role in disease susceptibility,
while the frequency of DR2 and DQ1 antigens were
significantly lowered in patients compared to
controls (6.66 vs.25% and 6.66 vs.22.5%
respectively). These molecules might have
protective effect. In siblings a significant increase
frequency of DR4 antigen (34.0 vs.12.5%) was
observed in comparison to controls, suggesting that
it might be much useful for predicting T1DM in
affected families.Anti-GAD autoantibodies were
present in 50% of Type 1Diabetic children, and in
16% of their siblings. High proportion of GADA
was found in the patients carrying HLA-DR3/DR4
heterozygous.
conclusion:Both the T1DM patients and their
siblings shared the HLA- DQ1 as protective
antigens, while DR3 and DR4 were susceptible one,
and high proportion of GADA was found in the
T1DM patients and siblings carrying HLADR3/DR4 heterozygous
The influences of the Cu substitution at Hg site in the HgOd layer, upon the
microstructure, Tc and oxygen content of Hg-1223 have been investigated. High
temperature superconductor with a nominal composition Hg1-xCuxBa2Ca2Cu3O8 + δ for
Cu ( 0 £ x £ 0.5) have been prepared by the two-steps solid state reaction method
under optimum conditions. XRD showed a tetragonal structure with a high ratio of
Hg-1223 superconductor phase. Tc enhancement has been determined with the Cu
concentration was is found to be Tc = 153 K for x = 0.3, while the oxygen content
observed variously with Cu concentration. Hg1-xCuxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ structure, oxygen
content and Tc behavior have been discussed.
Addressed the problem of the research is marked (technical openness in the formation of post-modernism - Pop Art an Example) the nature of the technical expansion of the output artifacts postmodern, and the nature of the raw materials taken as components of its sensual. The search came in four sections: general framework for research and identified the research problem and the need for him. With an indication of the importance of his presence. From then select the search goal (revealed openness to hire technical material in the art of Pop Art), followed by the establishment of the three search limits (objectivity, the temporal and spatial) were then determine the terms related to the title. Then provide the theoretical framework and indi
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The current research aims to evaluate the appraisal form for Arabic language teachers in light of comprehensive quality standards by designing standards for the competencies of primary school teacher in accordance with comprehensive quality requirements. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The research community included the Arabic language supervisors in the Education Directorates of Diyala Provincial and Baghdad. The research sample consisted of (14) supervisors from the Diyala Provincial Department of Education and the First Rusafa Education Directorate in Baghdad Governorate by (8) supervisors and (6) Supervisors respectively specializing in Arabic language. As for the research tool, questionnaire prepared by the researc
... Show MoreDNA, as the basis of every living cell, is one of the most important and influential scientific discoveries. This research aims to identify and compare the organizational DNA to the leadership practices of school principals in the Sultanate of Oman and to reveal the similarity between principals’ leadership practices and the structure of DNA. In addition, it intends to identify any statistically significant differences between the responses of the participants due to the study variables: gender, job title and experience. A questionnaire was designed and data were collected from a randomly selected sample composed of (100) teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The study found limitless diversity in the characteristics of DNA of leadership
... Show MoreThe paper investigates the impact of role-playing as a classroom technique on Iraqi EFL students’ speaking skill on Iraqi EFL students at the college level. The students are 40 college language students in University of Baghdad, College of Education Ibn-Rushd randomly chosen. Then, they were divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. Thirty questions were applied to both groups as a pre-test of speaking and the students asked to answer them orally. The experimental group was taught speaking skill of the targeted role-play technique while the control group was taught in traditional method. After 20 lessons of the teaching, the post-test of speaking was conducted in which the students in both groups were asked to answ
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The aim of this paper is to estimate the concentrations of some heavy metals in Mohammed AL-Qassim Highway in Baghdad city for different distances by using the polynomial interpolation method for functions passing from the data, which is proposed by using the MATLAB software. The sample soil in this paper was taken from the surface layer (0-25 cm depth) at the two sides of the road with four distances (1.5, 10, 25 and 60 m) in each side of the road. Using this method, we can find the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil at any depth and time without using the laboratory, so this method reduces the time, effort and costs of conducting laboratory analyzes.
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The aim of this work is study the partical distribution function g(r12,r1) for Carbon ion cases (C+2,C+3,C+4) in the position space using Hartree-Fock's Wave function, and the partitioning technique for each shell which is represented by Carbon Ions [C+2 (1s22s2)], [C+3 (1s22s)] and [C+4 (1s2)]. A comparision has been made among the three Carbon ions for each shell. A computer programs (MATHCAD ver. 2001i) has been used texcute the results.
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