Background: Directly observed therapy-short course (DOTS) had been adopted by World Health Organization (WHO) as hopeful strategy for treatment of tuberculosis (TB) since early nineties. Iraqi health authorities started DOTS implementation since 2001 in Baghdad. Coverage expanded gradually till 100% in 2004. War and unstable security condition hit Iraq since March 2003. Objective: The objective of this study was To evaluate the DOTS implementation program in Baghdad in different periods including 2 unstable periods for proper assessment of war and instability on treatment of TB. Patients and methods: This study had been conducted in Baghdad during four different periods (before and during 2003 war, after war; without and with DOTS). Direct interview with patients, and follow up of their treatment were done. Results: The results reveled that78% of patients were in active age groups, 62% of them were males. Surprisingly, direct observation was not achieved in those who were treated under DOTS in the whole periods. Patients treated under DOTS in the 1st and 4th periods showed much better sputum conversion rate after 2 month treatment (88.7 %in 1st and86.5% in 4th periods` patients) than those treated under DOTS during war (45.9% or Non-DOTS 75.6%). A better cure rate also found in patients of both periods (64.9% in 1st and 63% in 4th period) than patients in other periods ( 11% in 2nd% and 43.6% in the 3rd one) .Conclusions: DOTS strategy played important role in improving registration and curing of TB cases in Baghdad. War and unstable security conditions got a destructive effect on treatment of TB patients regardless the followed strategy. Involvement of private medical sector and other governmental and nongovernmental organization can improve TB treatment outcome.
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic communities which are used in biofertilization of many plants especially rice plant. Cyanobacteria play a vital role to increase the plant's ability for salinity tolerance. Salinity is a worldwide problem which affects the growth and productivity of crops. In this work three cyanobacteria strains (Nostoc calcicola, Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia) were isolated from saline soil at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate; North Egypt. The propagated cyanobacteria strains were used to withstand salinity of the soil and increase rice plant growth (Giza 178). The length of roots and shoot seedlings was measured for seven and forty days of cultivation, respectively. The results of this investigation showed
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Planning of electrical distribution networks is considered of highest priority at the present time in Iraq, due to the huge increase in electrical demand and expansions imposed on distribution networks as a result of the great and rapid urban development.
Distribution system planning simulates and studies the behavior of electrical distribution networks under different operating conditions. The study provide understanding of the existing system and to prepare a short term development plan or a long term plan used to guide system expansion and future investments needed for improved network performance.
The objective of this research is the planning of Al_Bayaa 11 kV distribution network in Baghdad city bas
... Show MoreThe aim of the study was to know the factors analysis of scale Bar-On & Parker, post analysis is found fourteen factors for the first degree of the scale. Also we extracted five factors from the second degree.
The scale consists of (60) items , applied on sample of (200) students (Male &Female ) age (15-18) years randomly chosen from preparatory schools . The scale unveiled satis factors validity and reliability. An others aims is to low the emotional Intelligence level and know the difference of statistical in sex , age variable and the specialization variable .The result was no difference of statistical in sex and specialization variable , but the difference appear
... Show MoreKE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, Glob Dermatol, 2014 - Cited by 6
Despite the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) being the largest family of signalling proteins at the surface of cells, their potential to be targeted in cancer therapy is still under-utilised. This review highlights the contribution of these receptors to the process of oncogenesis and points to some likely challenges that might be encountered in targeting them. GPCR-signalling pathways are often complex and can be tissue-specific. Cancer cells hijack these communication networks to their proliferative advantage. The role of selected GPCRs in the different hallmarks of cancer is examined to highlight the complexity of targeting these receptors for therapeutic benefit. Our
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One of the most important elements of achieving food security is livestock, which is an essential element in the agricultural sector, and is one of the state support sectors. Animal production (sheep) ranked an important position in this sector due to the economic advantages that are available when rearing. Moreover, the success and development of sheep breeding depend on several factors, including financial return and achieving profitability. The study aims to identify the phenomenon size of random slaughter as a problem, which spread in Baghdad and its causes and the factors that influencing its development. As well as, the possibility of applying the idea of amobile slaughterhouse to reduce this phenomen
... Show More: The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of Woods ' strategy in collecting second graders average for physics. To achieve the objective researcher coined the following hypothesis: there was no statistically significant difference at a level (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group students studying physics as Woods and strategy between the average control group students who are studying the same article in the regular way. Test collection. Search sample amounted to (83) students and (42) students for the experimental group, and (41) students for the control group. Students were subjected to test experiment is composed of (30) after the completion of the experiment. And use appropriate statistical methods re
... Show MorePhlebotomus papatasi sand fly is the main vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iraq. The aim of this study was to assess and predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases and the main vector presently and in the future. Data of the CL cases were collected for the period (2000-2018) in addition to sand fly (SF) abundance. Geographic information system, R studio and MaxEnt (Maximum entropy niche model) software were used for analysis and predict effect of (elevation, population, Bio1-19, and Bio28-35) on CL cases distribution and SF occurrence. HadGEM2-ES model with two climate change scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used for future projections 2050. The results showed th
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The study dosage ethanol in the total content of acid sialic TC and acid sialic associated fat (LBSA) in blood serum and congener brain Dkor Jerd eggs study included dosage 20 animals of male rat Ald ethanol daily for a period of four weeks and concentrations 20% and 30%, 40%, 50% and size of dose 5mlThe results of the study showed that levels of TSA homogeneous in the brain and blood serum significantly reduced Ankhvaza
This study was conducted in the Poultry farm of the animal during the Production department, Iraqi during the (Ministry of Science and Technology) period from 3-9-2001 to 8-4-2002. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of low – level chronic aflatoxicosis on performance (body weight, feed conversion efficiency and mortality), Serum biochemistry and activity of some enzymes (GOT,GPT, ALKP, LDH). A total of 300 male chicks of broiler breeder (Faw–Bro) were used. Chicks at day 1 of age were fed diets contaminated with aflatoxine at levels of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 the feeding period were extended to 8 weeks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the completely randomized design. The results showed
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