Two compounds,[2-amino-4-(4-nitro phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(4) and [2-amino-4-(4-bromo phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(5), were synthesized by refluxing thiourea (1) with each of  para-ntiro and para-bomophanacyl bromides(2) and (3) respectively, in absolute methanol. Then, by reaction of [5] with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded  (6) .On the other hand, reaction of (4) with chloroacetyl chloride in dry benzene afforded (7), which is  upon treatment with thiourea in absolute methanol, af

his study aims to determine most stable isobar from some isobaric elements with mass number (A= 50-65 & 180-195). This aim achieved by, firstly: plot mass parabolas for these isobaric family, second: calculated the atomic number for most stable isobar (ZA) value. To plot the mass parabola, the binding energy (B.E) calculated from semi empirical formula for these isobars. The mass number (A) plotted as a function to the (ZA) for each range; we get a linear relationship between them. An empirical formula for the most stable isobar has been developed from this linear dependence. From the results, we can see that mass parabolas for isobaric elements with odd mass number (A) are different from the mass parabolas of even mass number (A) isobars,

Several recent approaches focused on the developing of traditional systems to measure the costs to meet the new environmental requirements, including Attributes Based Costing (ABCII). It is method of accounting is based on measuring the costs according to the Attributes that the product is designed on this basis and according to achievement levels of all the Attribute of the product attributes. This research provides the knowledge foundations of this approach and its role in the market-oriented compared to the Activity based costing as shown in steps to be followed to apply for this Approach. The research problem in the attempt to reach the most accurate Approach in the measurement of the cost of products from th

Proverbs gain their importance not only from the fact that they represent a cultural record of the people of every nation, but they reveal the way they use language and how they exploit their environments as a good source of inspiration to enrich that language.  Domestic animals, as part of every environment, play a major role in composing proverbs in every nation.

       This study is an attempt to pragmastylistically analyse some selected English and Iraqi rural proverbs using domestic animals in their texts. It limits itself to investigate certain stylistic and pragmatic devices such as: the type of sentences, their lengths, their content and grammatical words, the part of speech used, metaph

The Ash'aris and their position on faith, An Ideological Study

Omed AbdulQader rasool               

College of Islamic Sciences/Salahaddin University-Erbil

Abstract

The concept of faith is very complex, and there are a lot of talk about it among the major Islamic groups such as the Kharijites, the Mu'tazila, the Jahmiyya and others, because of its great importance, and the worldly and eschatological effects it entails according to the elements of faith such as recognition, ratification and action.

The researcher chose one sect, which is the

The Iraqi political and social arena has been characterized, subjectively and objectively, by the weakness of leadership building. This has led to a leadership crisis, which is reflected in the quality of the outcome of the process of rebuilding the state in Iraq. Thus, this building process has lacked the simplest requirements and conditions of success. It has suffered from a major and obvious failure: the situation in Iraq has raised conflict leaders, not constructive leaders, and this confirms the existence of a cultural crisis in the production of conscious, aware leadership compatible with democratic action. The weakness of leadership in Iraq is reflected in a series of ongoing crises that require radical solutions in accordance with l

Routing is the process of delivering a packet from a source to a destination in the network using a routing algorithm that tries to create an efficient path. The path should be created with minimum overhead and bandwidth consumption. In literature, routing protocols in VANET were categorized in many ways, according to different aspects. In the present study, we prefer the classification based on the number of hops to reach the destination node. In literature, these are single-hop and multi-hops protocols. We first discuss the two types and then compare the MDDV (multi-hops protocol) with VADD (single-hop protocol). The comparison is theoretically and experimentally implemented by providing a network environment consisting of SUMO, VIENS and

Abstract

Among the things that have happened and that have emerged from the developments in society is the phenomenon of dairy banks, where institutions collect milk from donating mothers or sellers of milk and benefit from it by sterilizing and selling it.

This topic is considered one of the important topics, as Islam considers breastfeeding as a link as well as parentage, and it has the same genealogy as the spread of sanctity. Therefore, Imamate jurists addressed this topic with research despite its absence in Islamic societies.

The importance of r

The electronic properties and Hall effect of thin amorphous Si1-xGex:H films of thickness (350 nm) have been studied such as dc conductivity, activation energy, Hall coefficient under magnetic field (0.257 Tesla) for measuring carrier density of electrons and holes and Hall mobility as a function of germanium content (x = 0–1), deposition temperature (303-503) K and dopant concentration for Al and As in the range (0-3.5)%. The composition of the alloys and films were determined by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
This study showed that dc conductivity of a-Si1-xGex:H thin films is found to increase with increasing Ge content and dopant concentration, whereas conductivity activati

The skull is one of the largest bones in the body. It is classified into flat bones that maintain the important organic structures; which are the brain, eyes, and tongue. The skull is a strong support for preserving these organs but they are various according to the type of animals and the environments in which they live and the nature of their nutrition. There are many differences among living organisms in terms of the bones in the skull, their difference or disappearance and their length in the shape of the head. The samples were taken from the scientific storage in the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum; Cape hare Lepus capensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) and the study was conducted o