Background: Spleen is a hemopoietic organ which is capable of supporting elements of different systems. It is affected by several groups of diseases; inflammatory, hematopoietic, reticuloendothelial proliferation, portal hypertension and storage diseases. Ultrasound (US) may detect mild splenomegaly before it is clinically palpable. Knowledge of the normal range of spleen size in the population being examined is a prerequisite. Racial differences in splenic length could result in incorrect interpretation of splenic measurements and such differences would make it difficult to standardize expected splenic length and to determine non- palpable splenic enlargement.Objectives: To measure the normal values of splenic lengthin Iraqi subjects and compare the results with western,Chinese and Jordanian data; to determine whether there is aconstant ratio of the length of the spleen to the left kidney,which could be used to diagnose splenomegaly withoutreference to a nomogram.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among a total of 280 subjects ranging in age from birth to 20 years (159 males and 121 females). US was used to measure maximum splenic and left kidney lengths to obtain normal values for splenic length and to determine spleen to left kidney ratio. The subjects were divided into the same age groups as those used by other similar international studies in order that comparisons with their results could be made.Results: Splenic lengths in Iraqi subjects are similar to those in American, Chinese and Jordanian subjects up to the age of 15 years. The spleen to left kidney ratio is strikingly constant with a mean value of 1. Using 2 SD above the mean as a guide, the upper limit of normal for spleen to left kidney ratio is 1.25.Conclusion: Splenomegaly should be suspected in children if the spleen is more than 1.25 times longer than the adjacent kidney.Key words: Spleen, subjects, ultrasound
The current study was conducted with the aim of fortifying meat burger with the protein isolate extracted from defatted sweetened and unsweetened apricot kernels. The antimicrobial activity of defatted apricot kernels and protein isolates of sweetened and unsweetened kernels against some pathogenic microbes was studied, and it was characterized by its effect on gram-positive bacteria more than gram-negative bacteria. As for its effect on yeast, the inhibition diameter was 4.5 mm at a concentration of 200 mg for the unsweetened protein isolate. As for its effect on mold, the inhibition percentage was between 56.05 65.21% for all samples at a concentration of 100 mg. The sweetened and unsweetened protein isolate was used in the manufact
... Show MoreThe Islamic religion is a religion of tolerance and is pleased with worship and other legislation and the idea of peace is an authentic and profound idea related to the call for coexistence with all religions. The Prophet (PBUH) was keen to organize his relations with non-Muslims on the basis of cohabitation, On the basis of love and intolerance, God Almighty says: "If your Lord wants to make people one nation and they are still backward." Surah Hud: 118 Islam has taken care of the people and made them tolerant brothers who sympathize with their different beliefs. Which means that everyone has the right to live, believe and believe what he sees right and have the freedom to perform the acts of worship and beliefs he deems correct. The di
... Show MoreThe cartographic representation of geographical phenomenon considers the essential base in geographical analysis since as it supports the vertical house which is apartment houses consist of apartments which represent civil phenomenon , the aim of this study is to project the rule of cartographic representation methods in geographical analysis and make comparison in economic and social aspects for two approaches , the vertical and construction building methods.
The expand of city horizontally represent a problem in itself because it leads to loss of civil lands and overpass the agricultural lands as a result ,the ratio of habitation of land usage is so large in comparison with another usages of lands of the cities ; therefore ; many co
:Background: Many studies had stated that there are marked variations in the clinical presentation of depressive states between different cultures.Objectives: The main aim of the study is to identify the symptoms profile of patients with major depressive disorder living in Baghdad.Method: Ninety two patients with major depressive disorder consulting Ibn-Rushd psychiatric teaching hospital were studied thoroughly to identify the frequency of symptoms among them. The fifth edition of the Arabic version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) was used to identify the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fourth edition (DSM-IV) symptoms. A list of other symptoms, which were found to present variably in depression acco
... Show MoreIn this work, Soda Lime Glass (S.L.G.) powder was used ,as
fluxe in traditional porcelain instead of feldspar. Two ceramics
porcelain were compared; commercial or traditional porcelain that
content of 50wt % kaolin, 25wt % quartz, and 25wt % feldspar.
Feldspar mass was substituted by scraps soda lime glass yielding a
new porcelain composition, to determine the softening points and
then the effect of glass addition on porcelain firing process.
Eight samples, for each patch, were prepared and 8wt % water
was added. The resulting composite blends were then die pressed at
2N, to produce disk specimens with diameter of 1.5 cm, and then
they were sintered at (1000, 1100, 1200, 1250,1300,1350,1400 and
1450) ˚C,
The inhibitive effect of imidazol on the dissolution of Zn in (1M) HCl has been studied. The inhibion effect of imidazol ,protection efficiency and the corrosion rate of Zn in (1M) HCl were investigated at various concentrations (1x 10-3 – 5x10-3) M and tempearture range (285-328) K. The corrosion inhibitive of Zn by imidazol was studied using weight loss measurement and analytical titration of the amounts of dissolved zinc in acidic solution in presence and absent of imidazol. It was observed that imidazol led to protection efficiency reached to (88.93)% when (10)mM imidazol concentration was used. A linear relationship came true between (C/?) and (C); where (?) is the coverage of Zn surface by imidazol which could be obtained from
... Show MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to gain insight into causes of time delays and cost overruns in a selection of thirty case projects in Iraq. Delay factors have been studied in many countries/contexts, but not much data exists from countries under the conditions characterizing Iraq during the last 10-15 years.Design/methodology/approach: A case study approach was adopted, with thirty construction projects selected from the Baghdad region, of different types and sizes. For the case of the study, the participants in the projects provided data about the projects through the data collection tool distributed through the questionnaire directed to them. Statistical data analysis was used to build statistical relationships between time and cost d
... Show MoreThis research aims to study and reveal the influence of Bauhaus principles in contemporary graphic design. The researcher determined the objective/spatial/temporal limit: Study of the Bauhaus influence in the design of the graphic poster in Germany in 2020. The theoretical framework in the first section dealt with (the emergence and factors of the emergence of the Bauhaus school and its characteristics), while the second topic dealt with (the intellectual, functional and aesthetic data of the Bauhaus School), after which the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework were produced.
He mentioned four previous studies, one of them was discussed in detail. In the third chapter he defined the methodology, society, and sam
... Show MoreThe structure is considered in its scientific formula one of the concepts which complete the architectural image that seeks to take out an effective and attractive structure in contemporary architectural production, especially that the structure -in general- represents strength in addition to delight and functional benefits according to Vitruvius trinity. So, the role of structure depends on making its aesthetical properties able to give efficiency within architectural product. That has come through adoption of intellectual mechanism of structural means and details –as a whole or parts- and focused on structure with the recipient's needs, aesthetical, and sensory purposes in addition to its fundamental role of stabilit
... Show MoreThe research undertaken has provided a comprehensive insight into the practice of cupping therapy, a traditional treatment modality that has seen resurgence in. modern complementary medicine. This exploration, focusing on a spectrum of. Conditions such as migraines, lower back pain, neck pain, knee osteoarthritis, and chronic urticaria, highlights the potential benefits and the necessity for a deeper. Scientific understanding of cupping therapy. Cupping therapy, with its roots deeply embedded in ancient medical practices, offers a unique approach to treatment by promoting healing through increased blood flow and the release of toxins from the body. The application of this therapy in treating migraines has shown promising results, su
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