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Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Baghdad: A single-hospital study
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Background: There are so many evidences that there was antimicrobial resistance, and there were many strains that emerged which were difficult to treat. We are living in a situation that the dissemination of multiple drug resistant bacteria can lead us to the situation, in which no treatment could be offered for bacterial infection in future.

Aim of study: Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital in Baghdad.

Subjects and Methods:  A cross-sectional study. The study was carried on from 1st of February to 31st of March 2021.  A questionnaire was constructed by the research team based on literature review and was adapted to assess the nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital. The adopted questions were mainly based on previous studies carried out in Lebanon, and Ethiopia. It was piloted among 10 nurses. The questionnaire was further revised by the research team. The final questionnaire contained 26 questions on the following: Demographics characteristics (5 questions), Knowledge of antibiotics (7 questions), Attitude towards antibiotic use (7 questions); and practice with regards to antibiotic use (7 questions). Analysis plan: IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics version 21 Multilingual and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used to analyze the data. The frequencies were stated first then Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate the association. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: One hundred and eight nurses participated in this study, of whom 101 (93.5%) were female, 31(28.7%) of participants at the age group of (18-27) years, 33(30.6%) were at the age group of (28-37) years, with mean age 26± 0.54 SD. Regarding the highest qualification, 41(38%) graduated from the high school of nursing, 35(32.4%) graduated from the midwife school. About 46(42.6%) of the participants were working in pediatric words, and 23(21.3%) were working in gynecology and obstetrics (Gyn & Obs) words. There was gap in the knowledge especially in nurses who had lowest qualification: 44(40%), of them believe that using antibiotic in cold can speed recovery and 41 (38%) believe that antibiotic can cure viral infections, and 42(38.9%), of them consider that newer and more costly antibiotics affect better.

Conclusion: There was a gap in nurse’s knowledge, and practice, towards the antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, the Current work place was the most effective factor in this gap.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 24 2021
Journal Name
Agronomy
Impact of Nitrogen Rate in Conventional and Organic Production Systems on Yield and Bread Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat
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Soft red winter wheat (SRW) is characterized by high yield and relatively low protein content. In Kentucky, there is growing demand from local artisan bread bakers for regionally produced flour, requiring production of grain with increased protein content and/or strength. The objective of this two-year field experiment was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) management on five cultivars of winter wheat on yield and bread baking quality traits of modern and landrace SRW cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). All five cultivars were evaluated using two N application rates in conventional and organic production systems. All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system and N rate, although plant height

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 20 2023
Journal Name
Polymers In Medicine
Effect of subinhibitory doses of rifaximin on in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence and biofilm formation to biotic and abiotic surface models
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 27 2024
Journal Name
Pharmacia
Association of the rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene and the adverse drug reaction of methotrexate treatment in a sample of Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Background: Methotrexate is one of the mainstays for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a wide range of adverse drug reactions, however, it’s the relationship between adverse drug reactions and genetic polymorphism remains to be highlighted, and there is a lack of studies concerning Arabic Iraqi population regarding this aspect.

Objective: Evaluate the association between genetic mutations in the MTHFR gene in SNPs (rs1801133G>A and rs1801131T>G) on the adverse drug reaction for RA Iraqi patients.

Methods: An observational study, that involved 95 Iraqi RA patients with established RA. Patien

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2007
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The analysis of time series considers one of the mathematical and statistical methods in explanation of the nature phenomena and its manner in a specific time period.
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The analysis of time series considers one of the mathematical and statistical methods in explanation of the nature phenomena and its manner in a specific time period.

Because the studying of time series can get by building, analysis the models and then forecasting gives the priority for the practicing in different fields, therefore the identification and selection of the model is of great importance in spite of its difficulties.

The selection of a standard methods has the ability for estimation the errors in the estimated the parameters for the model, and there will be a balance between the suitability and the simplicity of the model.

In the analysis of d

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Publication Date
Tue May 10 2022
Journal Name
Himalayan Journal Of Economics And Business Management
Information Systems Ethics and Its Role in Achieving Banking Discrimination Analytical Research in a Sample of Private Banks
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The research aims to shed light on the ethics of information systems and their role in achieving banking excellence for a sample of private banks in the province of Baghdad. It is important to focus on studying the ethics of banking information systems, which has become one of the most important basic and strategic resources that banks rely on to achieve outstanding performance. Achieving banking leadership in the Iraqi banking market. The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach to the research, and the questionnaire was considered as a main tool for collecting information in addition to personal interviews. The research reached the most important results that there is an acceptable correlation relationship between the ethic

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Orthodontic Science
Presurgical management trends and nasoalveolar molding usage for infants with cleft lip and palate in the capital of a developing country
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BACKGROUNDS Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) application is among presurgical management (PSM) techniques used for infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP). It helps to approximate the palatal cleft and to reshape the nasoalveolar complex prior to primary lip repair. This study aimed to explore types of PSM and the dental speciality provision for infants with CLP in Baghdad. The status of NAM usage and surgeons’ perceptions toward NAM usage were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional paper-based questionnaire study that collected responses of surgeons perform primary lip and nose repair regarding PSM. The questionnaire was distributed amongst public and private hospitals in Baghdad. Twenty surgeons were enrolled (only those su

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Bacillus cereus in Meat Products: 16S rRNA Phylogenetic Tree analysis and Antimicrobial Investigation of Nisin A, Rosemary Essential Oil and Tetracycline
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 23 2026
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Time out in basketball and it effect on playing for excellent degrees in Iraq
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The value of time out as a time not count of official time form the game like four periods and extra time also it considered a great interest if used well thru the game , the importance of this problem is not using well the time out and when the coach ask for time out and how to invest this time legally to make good results also there is no observing system as the researcher see gives the reality image that the coach is successful lead the game when he takes time out . The goals of research that knowing on numbers of time out for excellent teams in Iraq (first &second) stages and putting special inventory reverse reality of asking time out (positive &negative) on playing basketball , the hypothesis of research that tell the time out effect

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 11 2006
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
In vivo N2 Laser Effect on Lymphocyte Transformation Capacity and Phagocytosis Activity in Mice
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The objective of this in vivo study is to investigate the effects of 337.1 nm pulsed N2 laser on cellular immune response represented by lymphocyte transformation capacity and phagocytosis activity in laboratory animals. The samples include 60 adult male BALB/c mice, were divided into control group and experimental groups. The experimental groups were divided into two main groups according to the time period after N2 laser irradiation. Each group was divided into 9 subgroups which exposed to N2 laser radiation at different values of pulse repetition rates and exposure times. The results of immunological tests demonstrated that the exposure to 180 J/cm2 of N2 laser radiation induce adverse effect to cellular immune response. The results o

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Materials And Environmental Science
Study the effect of some chemicals used locally in agricultural processes in Iraq on the DNAof some non-targeted organisms
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