Background: The disc prolapse is a common condition especially in young adults. Different levels are affected in the lumber region; the L4/L5 disc is more susceptible to longitudinal load and is the most common site of lumbar disc prolapse. The L5/S1 disc is protected from torsion load by strong ilio-lumbar ligaments but it is more susceptible to axial compressive forces. Many factors affect the result and outcome of surgery in these levels.Objective: The aim of this study is to correlate operative data, short-term results, complications, and prognostic factors (age, gender, mobility, hospital stay, and level of pain) for one-level lumber discectomybetween different levels (L4–L5 vs. L5–S1).Methods In this prospective study, 32 patientsin Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital undergoing survey form March 2008-December 2012.Six patients were excluded from this study because they were diabetics and multilevel disc degeneration .Fifteen (57.6%) patients undergoL5-S1 discectomy and 11 (42.4%) patients undergoL4-5 discectomy. Questionnaires for leg and back pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale ;VAS), duration of leg pain, and disability (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI), were obtained preoperatively, 3 months, 6 months, 1-year- and 2 year follow-up.Analyses were utilized to evaluate the relationship between surgical outcomes and variable (gender, age, lumber segment, pre-operative ODI, and pre-operative VAS).Results: Mean operative time was[73.44 ± 26.25] min, mean hospital stay was [3-7] days, and mean mobilitywas [2.55 ± 0.93] days. At 2-year follow up, patients revealed a statistical significant improvement inVAS pain (P < 0.05), and ODI lumbar function (P < 0.05).The complications rate were 20.3 %.Our study elaborates good results for one-segmental L5-S1overL4-L5 discectomy. Discectomy of the L4–L5 disc wasassociated with an increased risk of complication (P < 0.05). The comparison revealed that operative time was influenced by age (P = 0.034); hospital stay was influenced by level (P = 0.036) and pre-op VAS (P = 0.006); while complications were influenced by level (P = 0.001) and pre-op ODI (P = 0.049Conclusion: The study revealed significant results for L5-S1 discectomy over L4-L5 discectomy in the late follow up period; the complications rate were higher in L4-L5 level discectomy
Autism is considered as one of the most developmental problems in the world that interfere with children growth and affect their social ,emotional and cognitive development child with autism used to be normal in his growth but in his development parents started to notice that their child characterize by loneliness and withdrawal himself from the surrounding world with some mannerism behaviors these characteristics used to be manifested children during the 1st three year of their life . It appears, one in every 500 birth (The American International Institution for child health 1997. and it would be less in females than makes at 1/4 percent .
Aim is to b
... Show More
(8)
(5)
The expanding use of multi-processor supercomputers has made a significant impact on the speed and size of many problems. The adaptation of standard Message Passing Interface protocol (MPI) has enabled programmers to write portable and efficient codes across a wide variety of parallel architectures. Sorting is one of the most common operations performed by a computer. Because sorted data are easier to manipulate than randomly ordered data, many algorithms require sorted data. Sorting is of additional importance to parallel computing because of its close relation to the task of routing data among processes, which is an essential part of many parallel algorithms. In this paper, sequential sorting algorithms, the parallel implementation of man
... Show More
(1)
(17)
(2)
The current research aims to identify the achievement of goals and the significance of the differences in achieving goals according to the variable of gender (male-female), specialization (scientific-human), and the stage (Master-PhD) for postgraduate students. To achieve the goals of the current research, the researcher developed a scale of achieving goals that was built according to the theory of (Lock & Latham 1990), which was applied to a sample of (257) male and female students who were selected randomly with a proportional distribution for the academic year (2021-2022). The scale of achieving goals consists of (30) items. The current research found that the research sample of postgraduate students has achieved their goals in ge
... Show MoreThe present study intends to trace The friendship in puple and the differences in this according to the variables of age and sex .
The study sample includes (200) puple in intermediate, and secondary schools in Baghdad in AL- Karkh .The sample is the age of whom is ranging from (13) to (15) years .
Maghly scale for measuring the development of friendship is adopted in this study after adjusting it to the Iraqi environment . The Scale consists of (40) items .
The face and construct validity of the Scale is checked as well as its reliability which is checked by test- retest
The study reveals the following :
1 – There is positive effect of the interaction between the of middle scale friendship .
2 – There is No differe