Background: Transradial compared to classic transfemoral coronary intervention has been shown to have similar efficacy rates, while being more cost-effective and most importantly safer due to fewer access site complications. Furthermore, patient comfort is increased and outpatient treatment may be feasible..Objectives: To start trans-radial intervention program and the initial learning curve for fellows and the catheterization –laboratory nursing staff. To test how could it be applicable and comfortable for our patientsMethods: This prospective study was performed in Ibn-Albitar hospital for cardiac surgery over a period of 6 months from the 1st of August 2012 till the 1st of February 2013. Every patient referred for percutenuos coronary intervention whether on scheduled or on an emergency basis was considered initially for trans-radial approach for intervention unless they are excluded. Allen test was required ensuring adequate ullnar collateral supply. Sledinger technique was used for radial artery puncture and a special radial sheath was introduced. Intervention was performed through the same catheter and equipments that are used for femoral approach.. medication given according to center protocol, the relevant data collected and patients immediately ambulated unless they receive sedation.Results: A total of 126 patients were referred for intervention during the study period, 20 cases were excluded for various reasons , 6caese were crossed over to femoral approach and the other 100 cases the procedure completed transradially. The mean age of the patients was 57 ± 8 years. Of these 72% were males ,with different risk factors . Most cases presented with chronic stable angiana (87%). Access site was right radial artery in 87% of patients while left radial approach used in 13% of patients. In 72% of cases single guiding catheter was used, in 21% of cases 2 guiding catheter were used and more than 2 types of guiding catheter were used in 7% of cases. In most session of intervention single artery was treated (78%) , 2 vessel intervention in 21%, 3 vessel in one case..Lesions treated were different types 26%,36%,38% A,B and C respectively. The success in obtaining radial access was 97.7% ,while angiographic procedural success rate was 96%. Mean total procedure time was ( 43+/-23min ), mean fluoroscopy time (13+/-8 min )and the average amount of contrast used was (178+/-80ml). with no major complication apart from 3% small heamatom and 6% radial loss. Around 80% of patients preferred TRI approach.Conclusion: Radial artery approach for percutenuos coronary interventions has high procedural success rate and associated with low risk of access site complications and no significant increase of procedural and fluoroscopy time. It is comfortable approach for most patients especially female and obese. Early ambulation with no risk of bleeding and reduction of the duration of hospital stay are in favor of TRI approach.
Objective: The study aimed to determine the sources and level of job stress experienced by nurses who were
working in intensive care units, and to find-out the relationship between work-related stress and some variables
such as age, gender, educational level, marital status, and years of experience in cardiac surgical intensive care
unit.
Metl]odo]ogy: A descriptive study was conducted on nurses working in the cardiosurgical intensive care units in
Baghdad hospitals. The study sample was selected purposively and consisted of (60) nurses who were working
in cardiosurgical intensive care units in Baghdad city (Ibm Al-Betar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery, Ibn A1-Nafis
Hospital for Cardiovascular Diseases, and the Iraqi Ce
The purpose of this research highlight the achievement of the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises dimensions and conformable to analyze the relationship between business strategies and human resources management strategies , and launched search of a dilemma thought provoking fundamental questions revolve around the search is the lack of appropriate strategies in these enterprises to help them continuity and permanence in business and markets , as these enterprises lack the human resources management strategies appropriate , as well as business strategies that make them withstand the changes in the market environment is changing and volatile . It was to
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Applications of microalgae in environmental studies have recently increased. Current uses of immobilized microalga Chlorella vulgaris include reducing pharmaceutical substances such as amoxicillin AMX and potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 on freshwater clam Pseudodontopsis euphraticus as a biotic model. Recent research pointed out a change in biomarkers of oxidative stress in an evaluation of induced toxicity. Where clams were exposed to different concentrations100, 200, and 400 mg/L for 7 days and 20, 30, and 50 mg/L for 5 days of amoxicillin and potassium dichromate, respectively. The results showed that exposure to AMX and K2Cr2O7 led to a signific
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(3)
The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results shows the success the cultivation of the Synechococcus and Chlorella Sp, while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase that re
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Human resources constitute the most important recourses that the organization owned today, as it may have developed financial and technology resources to achieve their goals, but they are not able to use it with required efficiency and effective and quality desired unless there is human resources that have good skills, experiences and talents that able to directing and exploited ideally that compatible with market requirements, where today's market and business organizations which compete naturally inherent talent, so the task is to attracting and developing talented resources and preservation these talented resources from the challenges that facing organizations.
The research seek to achieve
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The current study presents an experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow characteristic for subcooled flow boiling of deionized water in the microchannel heat sink. The test section consisted of a single microchannel having 300μm wide nominal dimensions and 300μm height (hydraulic diameter of 300μm). The test section formed of oxygen-free copper with 72mm length and 12mm width. Experimental operation conditions spanned the heat flux (78-800) kW/m2, mass flux (1700 and 2100) kg/m2.s at 31˚C subcooled inlet temperature. The boiling heat transfer coefficient is measured and compared with existing correlations. Also, the experimental pressure drop is measured and compared with microscale p
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(2)
Abstract
The issue of inequality in distribution of income and / or consumption expenditure is related to economic welfare because there is an inverse relationship between the economic welfare on the one hand, and the degree of inequality, on the other hand. Despite the fact that inequality is considered as normal phenomenon in every society, but if it exceeded certain limits it will lead to undesirable economic, social and political consequences. Therefore, the availability of indicators about inequality is a necessary tool for planning and evaluation of economic development programs. So, current study is aiming at measuring and analyzing the degree of inequality in distribution of consumpti
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(1)
Abstract
The researcher seeks, through different aspects of the search, to reach a set of objective concerning in content creation a clear vision about conceptual and practical dimension of relation and effects between (Leader-Member Exchange, and Organizational Commitment) to construct a framework of a pragmatic model as a solution to research problem and it questions. The theoretical problem is derived basically from the scarcity of Arab studies and researches that deal by study and analyses for such important of The two variables blend. The practical problem depends in deriving from reality of every day work in the Iraqi ministry of defense.
On this basis, a formula of research problem for pur
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During recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the investigation of the cytokines roles in pathogenesis of cancer, thus the study aimed at evaluating the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) in sera of Iraqi multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Beta 2-microglobulion (?2-m) was assessed to determine if there was any association between this cytokine and the level of ?2- m, as the latter is related to the stage of the disease. In addition, the age and gender were also taken into consideration. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between IgG and TNF-? in sera of patients. 49 Iraqi patients (27 males and 22 females).The patients were also divided into two groups: the first group included (17) patients who were
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