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Peers Pressure And Families Smoking Habit Influence On Smoking Behavior among male Students attending Secondary Schools At second Al- Kurkh education Directorate /Baghdad.
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Background:  There is a strong desire of adolescent to have a peer group and to be appreciated and also to become a member of this group which can affect one each other. There for; encourage, adapting,and imitating of friends and group consider as the main reasons behind starting of smoking among youngsters. Smoking habits in the family were found tobe acause of smoking pressure among adolescentas peer pressure. Smoking habit may be started before 18 years of age in most adult smokers.

Objectives: To study the effect of peer pressure and family smoking habiton the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students.

Type of the study:  A cross sectional study .

Methods: the study done with cluster sampling method; was conducted between 1st of March to 30th of May 2016. By clustering schools and randomly 7 schools were selected;3secondary schools, 3 intermediate schools and 1 professional secondary school these schools were from second Al- Kurkh education directorate /Baghdad.A total of (1993)boy students were included. An anonymous self-completion questionnaire was used..The questionnaire was  essure and family smoking habiton the smoking status of students.

Results: The results of the study showed an increasing prevalence of smoking habits among students both forcigarette23.6% -41.4%, and shisha4.1% - 38.8%by increasing the class grade, and also by existing smoking parents(cigarette30.1%,and shisha 32.7%). The prevalence of nonsmoking habit among students decreases by increase smoking family members (63.4% -3.9 %).

Conclusion: The effects of peer pressure and family smoking habit were obvious among students with statistically highly significant association. Education and awareness for anti-tobacco programs should be adopted in the curriculum of all secondary schools.

Keywords: peer pressure, family smoking habit, cigarette, shisha, secondary schools, students.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Nursing Staffs' Knowledge about Uses of Steroids and Their Side Effects in Al-Diwaniya Teaching hospital
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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the educational program on nursing staffs' knowledge about uses of steroids and their side effects.
Methodology: A pre-experimental study design (one group design: pre-test and post-test) was used. This study was conducted in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital for the period from ( 28th May to 10 th June, 2020) on a non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (30 nurses) working in Oncology unit. A questionnaire was built as a data collection tool and consisted of two parts:
First part: The demographic characteristics of the nursing staff (gender, age, level of education, years of experience in hospital, participation in training courses related to nursing care for a patients undergoing

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 20 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF INDEPENDENT IRAQI NEWSPAPERS IN PROMOTING THE VALUES OF CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL BELONGING IN THE SOCIETY: (An Analytical Study in the Opinion Articles in the Newspapers of Al-Sabah Al-Jadeed and Al-Mada)
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The research problem stems from a chief question: “What is the nature of the responsibility that «Al-Sabah Al-Jadeed» and «Al-Mada» Newspapers have undertaken in promoting the values of citizenship and national belonging in the society? The research aims to achieve a number of goals, including: Determining the most prominent themes that were emphasized in the opinion articles in these two newspapers within the framework of the responsibility of promoting the values ​​of citizenship and national belonging in society, and revealing the most prominent topics that were discussed in opinion articles in the two sample newspapers regarding the promotion of the mentioned values. This research is a desc

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
AYĀT AL-HUJJAH FĪ SŪRAT AL-ANĀM RIWĀIAH WA DERĀIAH ( a model in three verses from Surat Al-An’am 108-110)
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The current research discusses the jurisprudence of the argumentative meaning in the Qur’an, and it is one of the general methods of responses in the Qur’an, as well as the argumentative approach to the recitations of the readers and directing their meanings. I have chosen a model for three verses from Surat Al-An’am, in which there are seven frequent recitations and seven odd ones, on a topic related to theology and faith; It forms the centerpiece of the argument verses in Surat Al-An'am; It contains the jurisprudence of dealing with infidels and dissenters, turning away and forbidding insulting what they claim besides God in the event of corruption, and God Almighty’s decree and wisdom in the occurrence of unbeli

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 02 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy And Three Step Interview Strategy On Achievement Of The History Material Among Student Of The First Intermediate Class
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  The research aims to know The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy  and Three Step Interview strategy on achievement of the history material among student of the first literary class, The Researcher used the experimental design of the two experimental groups and the control group and with post test, researcher group (a) represent the experimental group taught according the Flexible Grouping Strategy  , and Division (c) to represent the second experimental group which studied according Three Step Interview strategy and Division (b ) to represent the control group taught in the traditional method, the number of students (99) students of (33) female students in each division. T

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Using Lean Accounting in Simplifying and Modifying Financial Reports (Focus on Value Stream): A practical Study in AL- Hayat Soft Drinks and Mineral Water Company
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With the advent of the globalization, the rapid development in technology and the intensity of competition companies attemptto maintain competition advantages and retain customers. The traditional methods in managerial accounting become irrelevance to achieve the objectives of these companies especially with the rapid changes in modern manufacturing environment .Thus there is a need to new tools in accounting such as lean accounting, which is considered as a costing method that support creating value for the customer by costing the entire value stream, eliminating waste in the accounting process, reduced lead time, improved quality, lowered time delivery and increased available capacity. Using value stream focuses not only on the waste&n

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THEEXPOSURE OF BAGHDAD SLUM RESIDENTS TO TELEVISION DRUG ADVERTISEMENTS AND ITS TRENDS: THEEXPOSURE OF BAGHDAD SLUM RESIDENTS TO TELEVISION DRUG ADVERTISEMENTS AND ITS TRENDS
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The advancement of science and technology in recent years has led to heavy and diversified production and thus market congestion in various goods and services; which led to an increase of competition among advertisers in order to meet the needs and wishes and to upgrade to the level of consumers. These upgrades have imposed an increase in the usage of the promotions, including advertising in terms of quantity and quality, to influence and persuade customers innovatively and creatively using all available mass media.

The research aims to identify the attitudes of residents of poor areas towards television advertisements for medicines, and the impact of those advertisements on them in terms of making purch

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Ibn Tulun's personal and scientific biography Shams Id-Din Mohammad Ibn Ali AL-Dimashqi Al-Salihi (953 A .H / 1546 A.D)
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The research aims for the study about Ibn Tulun's personal and scientific biography to the
scholar, scientist and historian Ibn Tulun Shams Id- Din Mohammad Ibn Ali al-Dimashqi al-
Salihi (953 A.H. / 1546 A.D.) Ibn Tulun was a prominent Muslim historian in Blad al-
Sham.
At the first deals with Ibn Tulun's personal biography, author's name, Lineage, and
nickname, his nativity; his upbringing, and edification, his moral character, Finally, his death.
As to Ibn Tulun's scientific biography, at the first deals with his initiation into education
and learning , sheds light on his tutors and his authorities , scientific stations and travels , his
scholarly status , and Ibn Tulun's alumni or his students .

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 02 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Linguistic Errors in second language learning through Error Analysis theory: هه‌ڵه‌ زمانییه‌كان له‌ فێربوونی زمانی دووه‌مدا (له‌ ڕوانگه‌ی تیۆری شیكاری هه‌ڵه‌ییه‌وه‌)
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Second language learner may commit many mistakes in the process of second language learning. Throughout the Error Analysis Theory, the present study discusses the problems faced by second language learners whose Kurdish is their native language. At the very stages of language learning, second language learners will recognize the errors committed, yet they would not identify the type, the stage and error type shift in the process of language learning. Depending on their educational background of English as basic module, English department students at the university stage would make phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and lexical as well as speech errors. The main cause behind such errors goes back to the cultural differences

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Using Quality and Accreditation standard in performance improvement of education institutions: بحث تطبيقي في كلية الهندسة جامعة بغداد
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enjoyed the process of the development of higher education institutions attention of most countries of the world and to reconsider its objectives and programs and administrative and organizational structures, and it was the most important development of the application of Quality Assurance and Accreditation Standards (QAAS) tools, as the aim of these tools to the application of advanced with a far-reaching impact on all of the disciplines in the organization methods education that contribute, and plays a performance audit an important role in verifying the extent to which carried out these institutions activities or programs effectively and efficiently, economic, There are a number of objectives for the search of the most important attem

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Constant and Variable in Theatrical Shows Music for the Department of Arts Education: مروة شاكر رضا الشيباني
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This study is concerned with the topic of the constant and the variable within the artistic theatrical phenomenon and specifically the accompanying music for the movements, scenes and dramatized idea, which translates the Iraqi environments (the serious ones). The researcher, here, tries to determine those variables and constants as a methodological scientific study to serve the scientific and cultural institutions and contribute in settling them intellectually, and entering them in the academic environments that depend on studying the artistic associations between the theatrical science and musical science. We find that this study which addresses the topic (the constant and the variable in the theatrical show music for the department of

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