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Peers Pressure And Families Smoking Habit Influence On Smoking Behavior among male Students attending Secondary Schools At second Al- Kurkh education Directorate /Baghdad.
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Background:  There is a strong desire of adolescent to have a peer group and to be appreciated and also to become a member of this group which can affect one each other. There for; encourage, adapting,and imitating of friends and group consider as the main reasons behind starting of smoking among youngsters. Smoking habits in the family were found tobe acause of smoking pressure among adolescentas peer pressure. Smoking habit may be started before 18 years of age in most adult smokers.

Objectives: To study the effect of peer pressure and family smoking habiton the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students.

Type of the study:  A cross sectional study .

Methods: the study done with cluster sampling method; was conducted between 1st of March to 30th of May 2016. By clustering schools and randomly 7 schools were selected;3secondary schools, 3 intermediate schools and 1 professional secondary school these schools were from second Al- Kurkh education directorate /Baghdad.A total of (1993)boy students were included. An anonymous self-completion questionnaire was used..The questionnaire was  essure and family smoking habiton the smoking status of students.

Results: The results of the study showed an increasing prevalence of smoking habits among students both forcigarette23.6% -41.4%, and shisha4.1% - 38.8%by increasing the class grade, and also by existing smoking parents(cigarette30.1%,and shisha 32.7%). The prevalence of nonsmoking habit among students decreases by increase smoking family members (63.4% -3.9 %).

Conclusion: The effects of peer pressure and family smoking habit were obvious among students with statistically highly significant association. Education and awareness for anti-tobacco programs should be adopted in the curriculum of all secondary schools.

Keywords: peer pressure, family smoking habit, cigarette, shisha, secondary schools, students.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 28 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The influence of adding of modified ZrO2-TiO2 nanoparticles on certain physical and mechanical properties of heat polymerized acrylic resin
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Background: The mechanical and physical properties of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) don’tfulfill the entire ideal requirements of denture base materials. The purpose of this study was to produce new modified polymer nanocomposite (PMMA /ZrO2-TiO2) andassess itsimpact strength, transverse strength and thermal conductivity in comparison to the conventionalheat polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: Both ZrO2 and TiO2nano fillers were silanized with TMSPM (trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate) silane coupling agent before beingdispersed by ultrasonication with the methylmethacrylate (monomer) and mixed with the polymer by means of 2% by weight in (1:1) ratio, 60 specimens were constructed by conventional water bath processing

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Influence of Water Stress on Expression of the X95950 Gene and Several Cellular Callus Components in Violet-Treated Sunflower Varieties
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Abstract<p>The research was conducted between 2017 and 2019 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences and Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture for Postgraduate Studies at the University of Baghdad. One experiment used a totally random design. The experiment examined the effects of PEG (Polyethylene glycol) at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% on the development of three sunflower types (Ishaqi<sup>-1</sup>, Aqmar, and AL-Haja) exposed to UV-C rays for 40 minutes as a result of the growing of the juvenile peduncle outside the live body. The aim of the study was to better comprehend the physiological and biochemical changes caused by water stress on the callus of several sunfl</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 02 2022
Journal Name
Remittances Review
Analyzing the Influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the Per Capita GDP of Iraq from 2004 to 2021
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The study aims to identify the theoretical literature for all the variables of the study (ICT, GDP) as well as to identify the practical side of the impact of ICT on the per capita GDP in Iraq for the period (2004-2021). The study was based on the hypothesis that ICT impacts per capita GDP in Iraq. The problem of the study was to answer the question: does ICT contribute to per capita GDP? The study concluded that an increase in the rate of internet users per 100 people by one unit would increase. Increasing the landline telephone rate per 100 people by one unit will increase GDP per capita. In addition, increasing the mobile phone rate per 100 people by one unit will increase GDP per capita. The study recommended adopting rational poli

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 1990
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE HOUSE DUST MITE DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS TROUESSART 1897 (ACARI : PYROGLYPHIDAE)
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Duration of each developmental stage of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus together with the mortality percentage were observed at a combination of five different temperatures namely 20C°, 22.5C°, 25C°, 27.5C° and 30C° and four different humidities namely 55%, 75%, 85% and 95% r. h. Results showed that temperature had the greatest effect on the life cycle period. The higher the temperature the shorter the life cycle was aid versa verea. On the other hand, humidity seems to be less effectiveness, though at the higher temperature and humidity no development was occured. Mortality among all temperatures and humidities appeared nearly the same, but at higher temperature and higher humidity and because of mould g

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Influence of Different Light Wavelengths on Growth, Enzymes Activity and Photosynthesis of the Marine Microalga Dunaliella parva W.Lerche 1937
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Light is an important factor that influences the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae; however, little is known about how light intensity together with the wavelength affect the photosynthetic capacity and growth of marine microalgae. In the present study, the growth of the marine green microalga Dunaliella parva was studied and optimized under different light intensities (25 ~ 70 μmol m-2 s-1) and qualities (blue, green, and red) in comparison with white light at 40 μmol m-2 s-1 as a control. The growth was monitored by counting the cell number, pigment content, Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids concentrations. The optimal growth and highest photosyntheti

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Re-engineering management processes and its impact on the strategic decision-making process Field study on the College of Education / University of Mustansiriya / Iraq
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The aim of the research is to identify both the re-engineering of management processes and the strategic decision-making process in the research community and determine the nature of the correlation between the two variables and know the relationship between them to achieve the research goal. The researcher used a descriptive and analytical method. The research community consists of a group of professors and staff of the College of Education affiliated to the University of Mustansiriya in Baghdad, which their number were (45),  the researcher has distributed the forms to all members of the sample,  only (3) forms were excluded for invalidity and thus the number of forms approved in the analysis were (42) forms. The rese

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Microbiology And Biotechnology Letters
Production and Identification of Secondary Metabolite Gliotoxin-Like Substance Using Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida</i> spp.
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Nurses knowledge toward prevention of Complications related Valvular Replacement Surgery at Surgical Department in AL-Nasiriyah Heart Center
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Objectives: The study aims to assess  the nurses knowledge toward prevention of complications related to valvular  replacement surgery and to find out the relationship between nurses knowledge and their demographic and occupational characteristic's Which as (Age, gender, level of education ,years of experience in Surgical Department , and training sessions)

 

Methodology: A descriptive design  (a cross-sectional study ) was carried out from December 2017 to May 2018 in order to assess nurses' knowledge of preventing complications Valvular Replacement Surgery at Surgical Department in  Nasiriyah Heart Center on a purposive (non-probability) sample

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 07 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Nursing Performance Concerning Nasogastric Tube in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah City
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Objectives: The study aim to evaluate nursing performance during nasogastric tube feeding in neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at al–Batool Teaching Hospital, for the purpose of evaluate of quality of nursing performance for premature baby during nasogastric tube feeding in neonatal intensive care unit. The study consumed the period from 4th of December 2017 to the 24nd of April 2018, Non-probability purposive sample of (25) nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit. The data were collected through the use of Observational instrument which consist of socio-demographic characteristics, quality of nursing care. Results: The study shows that the majority

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 09 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The Prevalence of Acetabular Retroversion among Adult Patients Presenting with Hip Pain in Orthopedic Clinic of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital
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Background: Acetabular retroversion has been proposed to contribute to the development of pain and osteoarthritis of the hip. Conventional anteroposterir (AP) pelvic radiographs may represent a reliable, easily available diagnostic modality.

Objective: To obtained a reproducible technique allowing the anterior and posterior acetabular rims to be visible for assessment

Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to March 2017 targeting patients with hip pain in orthopedic clinic of Al-Kindy teaching hospital. The study sample consisted of 100 patients with hip pain who were investigated with Antroposterior pelvic plain x-ray, which was done for all

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