Theauthor addressed politeness discourse in “Surat Ghafir”. Quran texts include many rhetorical utterances which are considered pragmatic mechanismsconcerned with finding polite discourse. examining these texts allow to determine the effectiveness degree in the discourse, and to find the effect level that leads to interaction between the speaker and the listener. Graduation is considered an effect and a mechanism of discourse escalation.
The author reached a common definition of the graduation effectiveness term, due to its importance in finding polite discourse that is constructed by lingual manifestations some of which are escalation and graduation. Escalation is a mechanism to show the level of discourse graduation, it is a mea

This paper performance for preparation and identification of six new complexes of a number of transition metals Cr (lII), Mn (I1), Fe (l), Co (II), Ni (I1), Cu (Il) with: N - (3,4,5-Trimethoxy phenyl-N - benzoyl Thiourea (TMPBT) as a bidentet ligand. The prepared complexes have been characterized, identified on the basis of elemental analysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, molar conductivity, molar-ratio ,pH effect study, I. Rand UV spectra studies. The complexes have the structural formula ML₂X₃ for Cr (III), Fe (III), and ML₂X₂ for Mn (II), Ni (II), and MLX₂ for Co (Il) , Cu (Il).

It has been shown in ionospheric research that calculation of the total electron content (TEC) is an important factor in global navigation system. In this study, TEC calculation was performed over Baghdad city, Iraq, using a combination of two numerical methods called composite Simpson and composite Trapezoidal methods. TEC was calculated using the line integral of the electron density derived from the International reference ionosphere IRI2012 and NeQuick2 models from 70 to 2000 km above the earth surface. The hour of the day and the day number of the year, R12, were chosen as inputs for the calculation techniques to take into account latitudinal, diurnal and seasonal variation of TEC. The results of latitudinal variation of TE

The aim of this research is to apply the concept of total value management to improve the process design of producing the toothpaste in Al Mammon factory one of the in the general company of food industry. The concept of total value management is concerning with achieve more than one values which are important for the customers as these values are related to the customers satisfaction. The research problem is that the factory did not measure the effectiveness of process design as this company has weakness in analyzing this effectiveness in synchronies with total value management. On the other side, the company did not give more attention to the cost of products and selling prices within the value cost/ profit which is one of the

Throughout the development of the history of literature, both Russian and world, the image of a woman has always occupied a significant position in the works of authors. This article presents an analysis of the images of women in the poetry of Valery Bryusov and Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab. The image of a woman has always been glorified, from ancient times to modern works of art. The article examines which images of women are presented in the lyrical works of the authors. To address this issue, we focused on the images of symbolism presented in the descriptions of women from different cultures — Russian and Iraqi. Also presented are images of the “traditional” woman in the cultural and historical era in which the authors in question publish

Abstract The study aimed at reviewing translation theories proposed to address problems in translation studies. To the end, translation theories and their applications were reviewed in different studies with a focus on issues such as critical discourse analysis, cultural specific items and collocation translation.