This paper aims to study the quaternary classical continuous optimal control problem consisting of the quaternary nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem, the cost function, and the equality and inequality constraints on the state and the control. Under appropriate hypotheses, it is demonstrated that the quaternary classical continuous optimal control ruling by the quaternary nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem has a quaternary classical continuous optimal control vector that satisfies the equality constraint and inequality state and control constraint. Moreover, mathematical formulation of the quaternary adjoint equations related to the quaternary state equations is discovered, and then the weak form of the quaternary adjoint

The focus of this research lies in the definition of an important aspect of financial development, which is reflected on the alleviation of poverty in Iraq, namely financial inclusion and then taking the path of achieving a sustainable economy, certainly after reviewing one of the important international experiences in this regard and finally measuring the level of financial inclusion in Iraq and its impact on poverty reduction through the absolute poverty line indicator.

One-third of the total waste generated in the world is construction and demolition waste. Reducing the life cycle of building materials includes increasing their recycling and reuse by using recycled aggregates. By preventing, the need to open new aggregate quarries and reducing the amount of construction waste dumped into landfills, the use of recycled concrete aggregate in drum compacted concrete protects the environment. Four samples of PRCC were prepared for testing (compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, density, water absorption, porosity) as the reference mix and (10, 15, and 20%) of fine recycled concrete aggregate as a partial replacement for fine natural aggregate by volume. The mix is designed according to

Efficient management of treated sewage effluents protects the environment and reuse of municipal, industrial, agricultural and recreational as compensation for water shortages as a second source of water. This study was conducted to investigate the overall performance and evaluate the effluent quality from Al- Rustamiya sewage treatment plant (STP), Baghdad, Iraq by determining the effluent quality index (EQI). This assessment included daily records of major influent and effluent sewage parameters that were obtained from the municipal sewage plant laboratory recorded from January 2011 to December 2018. The result showed that the treated sewage effluent quality from STP was within the Iraqi quality standards (IQS) for disposal and t

The pre - equilibrium and equilibrium double differential cross
sections are calculated at different energies using Kalbach Systematic
approach in terms of Exciton model with Feshbach, Kerman and
Koonin (FKK) statistical theory. The angular distribution of nucleons
and light nuclei on 27Al target nuclei, at emission energy in the center
of mass system, are considered, using the Multistep Compound
(MSC) and Multistep Direct (MSD) reactions. The two-component
exciton model with different corrections have been implemented in
calculating the particle-hole state density towards calculating the
transition rates of the possible reactions and follow up the calculation
the differential cross-sections, that include MS

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be a unitary left R-module. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some new results (up to our knowledge) on the concept of semi-essential submodules which introduced by Ali S. Mijbass and Nada K. Abdullah, and we make simple changes to the definition relate with the zero submodule, so we say that a submodule N of an R-module M is called semi-essential, if whenever N ∩ P = (0), then P = (0) for each prime submodule P of M. Various properties of semi-essential submodules are considered.

Introduction: Although soap industry is known from hundreds of years, the development accompanied with this industry was little. The development implied the mechanical equipment and the additive materials necessary to produce soap with the best specifications of shape, physical and chemical properties. Objectives: This research studies the use of vacuum reactive distillation VRD technique for soap production. Methods: Olein and Palmitin in the ratio of 3 to 1 were mixed in a flask with NaOH solution in stoichiometric amount under different vacuum pressures from -0.35 to -0.5 bar. Total conversion was reached by using the VRD technique. The soap produced by the VRD method was compared with soap prepared by the reaction - only method which

The theory of general topology view for continuous mappings is general version and is applied for topological graph theory. Separation axioms can be regard as tools for distinguishing objects in information systems. Rough theory is one of map the topology to uncertainty. The aim of this work is to presented graph, continuity, separation properties and rough set to put a new approaches for uncertainty. For the introduce of various levels of approximations, we introduce several levels of continuity and separation axioms on graphs in Gm-closure approximation spaces.

The concept of a 2-Absorbing submodule is considered as an essential feature in the field of module theory and has many generalizations. This articale discusses the concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules and their relationship to the 2-Absorbing submodule, Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule, Nearly-2-Absorbing submodule, Pseudo-2-Absorbing submodule, and the rest of the other concepts previously studied. The relationship between them has been studied, explaining that the opposite is not true and that under certain conditions the opposite becomes true. This article aims to study this concept and gives the most important propositions, characterizations, remarks, examples, lemmas, and observations related to it. In the en

Agent technology has a widespread usage in most of computerized systems. In this paper agent technology has been applied to monitor wear test for an aluminium silicon alloy which is used in automotive parts and gears of light loads. In addition to wear test monitoring، porosity effect on
wear resistance has been investigated. To get a controlled amount of porosity, the specimens have
been made by powder metallurgy process with various pressures (100, 200 and 600) MPa. The aim of
this investigation is a proactive step to avoid the failure occurrence by the porosity.
A dry wear tests have been achieved by subjecting three reciprocated loads (1000, 1500 and 2000)g
for three periods (10, 45 and 90)min. The weight difference a