In the present work, a Z-scan technique was used to study the nonlinear optical properties, represented by the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients of the Ag nanoparticles. In this technique, a pulsed second harmonic Nd :YAG laser at wavelength 532 nm was used. The results show that the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients of the Ag nanoparticles are found to be dependent on the size these nanoparticles.

The phytoremediation technique has become very efficient for treating soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted where the Dodonaea plant (known as hops) was grown, and soil previously contaminated with metals (Zn, Ni, Cd) was added at concentrations 100, 50, 0 mg·kg-1 for Ni and Zn, and at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 mg·kg-1 for cadmium. Irrigation was done within the limits of the field capacity of the soil. Cadmium, nickel and zinc was estimated in the soil to find out the capacity of plants to the absorption of heavy and contaminated metals by using bioconcentration factors (BCFs), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) and translocation factor (TF). Additionally, BCF values of both Ni and Zn were l

Crop coefficient for cherries was evaluated by measure the water consumption in Michigan State to find its variation with time as the plant growth. Crop coefficients value (Kc) for cherries were predicated by Michigan State University (MSU) and also by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) according to consume of water through the season. In this paper crop coefficients for cherries are modified accordingly to the actual measurements of soil moisture content. Actual evapotranspiration (consumptive use) were measured by the soil moisture readings using Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR), and compared with the actual potential evapotranspiration that calculated by using modified Penman-Monteith equation which depends on metrological statio

Fullerene thin films of about 200 nm thicknesses have been deposited by thermal evaporation method on soda lime glass at substrate temperature 303 and 403K under pressure about 10^-5 mbar. This study concentrated on the influence of substrate temperature on the optical properties of C₆₀ thin films within the visible range. Optical characterization has been carried out at room temperature using the absorption spectra, at normal incidence, in range (200-900) nm.

The absorption and extinction coefficients of the samples have been evaluated according to the variation in the UV- Visible spectrum. Increasing substrate temperature causes decreasing in optical band gap energy, for direct allowed tran

The settlement rate and pore water pressure dissipation rate are mainly controlled by the permeability of soil. Both laboratory and field tests show that the permeability is varied during the loading and consolidation process. It is known that consolidation process is accompanied by decrease in void ratio which leads to decrease in the coefficient of permeability. The importance of the decrease of the coefficient of permeability on the time rate of settlement and pore water pressure needs to be investigated.
This paper takes into account the change in coefficient of permeability during consolidation and studies its effect on consolidation characteristics of a clay layer. The finite element method is used in the analysis and the packag

     MWCNTs-OH was used to prepare a flexible gas sensor by deposition as a network on a filter cake using the method of filtration from suspension (FFS). The morphological and structural properties of the MWCNTs network were characterized before and after exposure to Freon gas using FTIR spectra and X-ray diffractometer, which confirmed that the characteristics of the sensor did not change after exposure to the gas. The sensor was exposed to a pure Freon134a gas as well as to a mixture of Freon gas and air with different ratios at room temperature. The experiments showed that the sensor works at room temperature and the sensitivity values increased with increasing operating temperature, to be 58% unt

     NS-2 is a tool to simulate networks and events that occur per packet sequentially based on time and are widely used in the research field. NS-2 comes with NAM (Network Animator) that produces a visual representation it also supports several simulation protocols. The network can be tested end-to-end. This test includes data transmission, delay, jitter, packet-loss ratio and throughput. The Performance Analysis simulates a virtual network and tests for transport layer protocols at the same time with variable data and analyzes simulation results based on the network simulator NS-2.

Kirchhoff Time Migration method was applied in pre-and post-Stack Time Migration for post-processing of images collected from Balad-Samarra (BS-92) survey line that is sited across Ajeel anticline oilfield. The results showed that Ajeel anticline structure was relocated at the correct position in the migrated stacked section. The two methods (Pre and Post) of migration processing showed enhanced subsurface images and increased horizontal resolution, which was clear after the broadening the syncline and narrowing or compressing the anticline. However, each of these methods was associated with migration noise. Thus, a Post-Stack process was applied using Dip-Removal (DDMED) and Band-Pass filters to eliminate the artifact noise. The time-fr

In this paper a two dimensional numerical simulation have been applied using
MATLAB program for generating Fraunhofer diffraction pattern from different
apertures. This pattern is applied for three types of apertures, including, circular,
square, and rectangular functions, and it's could be generated any wavelength in the
visible light. The studying demonstrated the capability and the efficiency of optical
imaging systems to observe a point source at very long distance. The circular
aperture shows better results across the shape of Fraunhofer pattern and optical
transfer function (otf). Also, the minimum values of the normalized irradiance of
different diffracted apertures have been computed at different dimension

In this paper, an algorithm for reconstruction of a completely lost blocks using Modified
Hybrid Transform. The algorithms examined in this paper do not require a DC estimation
method or interpolation. The reconstruction achieved using matrix manipulation based on
Modified Hybrid transform. Also adopted in this paper smart matrix (Detection Matrix) to detect
the missing blocks for the purpose of rebuilding it. We further asses the performance of the
Modified Hybrid Transform in lost block reconstruction application. Also this paper discusses
the effect of using multiwavelet and 3D Radon in lost block reconstruction.