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Bioactivity of Bee Venom on European Foul – Brood Bacteria

       Laboratory experiments were carried  out in Technical college AL- Mussiab / Babylon during 2005  to study bioactivity of different concentration from ( aqueous , alcohol and hexane) extracts of bee venom collected from different workers of bees against some bacterial types that cause European Foul – brood Melissococcus plutom , Bacillus alvei and B. letrosporus which had been isolated from infected arched with disease . Two diffusion methods (digging and paper discs) were followed for the extraction of the venom . Results showed that digging diffusion method was more efficient for  test of bacterial inhibition which led to increase the activity of bee venom extract with general average 7.90 , 8.85 and 8.19  on M. pluton, B. alvei and B. letrosporus. Alcoholic bee venom extract showed high efficiency in inhibition for the same bacterial species above by digging method too with diameters average 8.15 ,9.76 and 10.59 mm respectively . while aqueous extract was the less efficient in bacterial growth of these bacterial species that reached 7.26 , 7.70 and 6.26 mm respectively in paper discs method  compared with control 6.00 mm. On the other hand 40% concentration of bee venom showed high effect of bacterial growth for  M.pluton , B. alvei and B. letrosporus with averages 10.60 , 15.60 and 15.60 mm respectively while 1% concentration had no effect in growth of these bacteria compared with control treatment 6.00 mm .Ther is an interaction between the diffusion method, concentration and the kind of the extract . The results reflected that Alcoholic extract at 40% con. by digging method gave a higher inhibition of growth 10.60 , 15.60 and 15.60 mm in M. pluton , B. alvei and B. letrosporus respectively.  40% con. of bee venom compounds however was more effective for bacterial species compared with Oxytetracyclin antibiotic that was very effective in B. alvei  and B. letrosporus and less effective in M. pluton bacteria .

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2011
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Contour extraction of echocardiographic images based on pre-processing

In this work we present a technique to extract the heart contours from noisy echocardiograph images. Our technique is based on improving the image before applying contours detection to reduce heavy noise and get better image quality. To perform that, we combine many pre-processing techniques (filtering, morphological operations, and contrast adjustment) to avoid unclear edges and enhance low contrast of echocardiograph images, after implementing these techniques we can get legible detection for heart boundaries and valves movement by traditional edge detection methods.

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of e-governance on achieving creative performance

The research aims to investigate the relationship and impact of e-governance as an independent variable in achieving creative performance as a dependent variable. These variables have been studied in the Directorate of Passports Affairs, and seek to come up with a set of recommendations that help in promoting e-governance in the researched organization, and the researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, included The sample (122) of the total (194) individuals distributed in several administrative levels (officers, associates, and administrative staff). By adopting the questionnaire, which included (49) paragraphs as the main tool for the collection of data and information, as well as personal interviews and field obs

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 18 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Common Discourse of The Arab tweeters on Normalization

The study aimes to analyze the discourse of Arab tweeters regarding the normalization of Arab-Israeli relations on the social media site (Twitter).
Study Methodology: The study relay on the survey method, using the comprehensive survey method, and this research is one of the descriptive types that aim to describe the phenomenon in a qualitative way, and discuss it through the method of in-depth analysis, in addition to using the tools of (discourse analysis).
Study sample: A sample of (8686) tweets for (7425) tweeters, which was posted on Twitter during the period from 15/9 to 30/9/2020, on the issue of normalizing Arab-Israeli relations.
Study tools: The data study was collected using the data mining tool from social networks (

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences
In-vitro effect of Artemisinin on L. tropica promastigotes

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasite, this disease considers a major health problem among worldwide. Treatments available are expensive or with cytotoxic side effect. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of an herbal new compound, called artemisinin, derived from a Chinese plant called Artemisia annua. Various concentrations were studied in vitro against L. tropica amastigotes by chamber counting to investigate its effect on the proliferation of promastigotes. Three incubation periods were adopted (24, 48, 72) hours. The results showed a significant decrease in surviving promastigotes, in parallel with the normal parasite count of untreated promastigotes, along the periods studied. Th

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Gamma irradiation effect on characterization of MoO3 nanostructures films

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 11 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
The impact of recycling abandoned sites on sustainable development

In today's cities, it is easy to see large numbers of vacant lands and unused abandoned sites in downtown areas that are not only ugly but also potentially becoming fertile ground for criminal activities that endanger residents and visitors and contribute to the further degradation of neighborhoods,

can provide reuse of spaces Neglected opportunities to reshape the appearance of the city and to improve the city center for its users that the presence of many neglected sites, whether they were abandoned buildings or sites for destroyed buildings in Mosul after the war on ISIS and with large areas amid the urban fabric led to the emergence of the research problem is (lack of urban planning to reactivate abandoned sites within the ci

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Effect of Pressure on Fabrty- Perot Interferometer Fringes Pattern.

A design and construction of Fabry -Perot Interometer  system  were achivcd to spcify  and  calculate wavelengths to the neart  nanometers for spectroscopic research investigation, this  accuracy  required  for as the refractive index is a function of pressure on the medium   when the space between  the two windows is keptn constant .

He-Ne  laser (632.8)  nrn and  the green  laser (532)  nm  were  used  as

coherent sources.

Lasers of  (632.8)  & (532)nm  respeCtively,  were  used  as  coherent sources. Results  showed accuracy  of (0.2)nm in determining  the waveleng

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 31 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Legal adjustment of zakat on property prepared for sale

Praise be to God, who said: {And establish prayer and pay zakat and lend to God a good loan, and whatever good you put forward for yourselves you will find with God. It is better and greater in reward. Ask forgiveness of God. Indeed, God is Forgiving, Most Merciful. May blessings and peace be upon Muhammad, the servant of God, and His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: “Islam is built on five Testifying that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God, establishing prayer, paying zakat, Hajj, and fasting Ramadan” ().
Now that follows: Islamic law aims to make man happy in this world and the afterlife, starting with faith in God Almighty until the end of the legal obligations. This is

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of Marketing Culture on Marketing Management Orientations

The problem of the study is concerned with the work of The Iraqi Airways Company in political, economic, and social environment that suffers instability for many years. This has its negative outcomes regarding its decisions of providing services  to its markets and customers as a result of the orientations, behavior, and marketing values the company management adopted. The aim of this study is to investigate the marketing philosophy adopted by the management and to identify the extent it suits the materialistic and the human capacities of the company and its current environmental circumstances within the  marketing culture common to the thoughts and behaviors of the management and their employees. And in order to achiev

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 31 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Ovonic Research
Effect of annealing on thin film AgInSe2 solar cell

AgInSe2 (AIS) thin films solar cell involving of n-type AgInSe2 and Si of p-type substrate by using thermal evaporation method. The influence of annealing of the preparation AgInSe2 were considered to find the best properties of solar device. Thin film AIS have been deposited under the vacuum of 1.5*10-6 Torr with (400) nm thickness at R.T and annealing temperatures (473,573) K. Polycrystalline tetragonal structure for AIS thin films from XRD and increasing of surface roughness from AFM, energy gap values decreasing with increasing annealing temperatures, all films were negative type, I-V characteristics show increasing of efficiency with increasing of annealing temperatures.

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