A simple, precise and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of sulfanilamide and furosemide in their mixture by using first and second order derivative method in the ultraviolet region. The method depends on first and second derivative spectrophotometry, with zero-crossing and peak to base line and peak area measurements. The first derivative amplitudes at 214, 238 and 266 nm were selected for the assay of sulfanilamide and 240, 260, 284, 314 and 352 nm for furosemide. Peak area at 201222, 222-251 and 251-281 nm selected for estimation of sulfanilamide and at 229-249, 249270, 270-294, 294-333 and 333-382 nm for furosemide. The second derivative amplitudes at 220, 252 and 274 nm for sulfanilamide and 248, 272, 292, 334, and 364 nm for furosemide. Peak area at 209-229, 239-262 and 262-285 nm for sulfanilamide and at 238-253, 262-281, 281-303, 315-353 and 353-383 nm for furosemide. The first derivative absorption at 270.5 nm (zero cross point of furosemide) was used for determination of sulfanilamide and 322.5 and 352 nm (zero cross point of sulfanilamide) for determination of furosemide. The second derivative absorption at 261 and 283.3 nm (zero cross point of furosemide) was used for determination of sulfanilamide and 266, 334 and 364 nm (zero cross point of sulfanilamide) for determination of furosemide. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 1-35 μg/ml and 1-60 μg/ml for sulfanilamide and furosemide with correlation coefficient R2 0.9991 and 0.9995 respectively. Accuracy and precision of the determination method on the various amounts of sulfanilamide and furosemide with known concentrations were evaluated in their binary mixtures. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the estimation of sulfanilamide in its synthetic samples and furosemide in its drug tablets.
Mefenamic acid belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used widely for the treatment of analgesia. Our aim from this study is to establish a new assay for the quantitative determination of mefenamic acid (MFA) in the pharmaceutical sample by two sensitive and rapid flow injection-fluorometric methods. A homemade fluorometer was used in fluorescence measurements, which using solid-state laser diode 405 and 532 nm as a source, combined with a continuous flow injection technique. The first method depends on the effect of MFA on calcein blue (CLB) fluorescence at 405 nm. Another method is a study of rhodamine-6G (Rh-6G) fluorescence after adding MFA, and recording at 532 nm. Optimum parameters as fluorescent dye concen
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Adsorption studies were performed at different initial Tetracycline (TC) and Amoxicillin (AMO) concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH. In the batch mode were investigated. The optimum pH of solutions is 6.5 for TC and 5 for AMO, agitation speed 200 rpm and concentration 50 ppm. The results in FTIR showed that there were -OH and amides (N-H) and other functional groups on the surface of Cladophora and Spirulina algae. The equilibrium isotherm data were modeled with Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir model. The maximal adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model was (9.86, 20. 5 mg/g) for TC and (7.89, 17.4 mg/g) for AMO on
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A simple, economical and selective method employing ion pair dispersive liquid−liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with spectrophotometric determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples was developed. The method is based on reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) using a combination of ammonium thiocyanate and ascorbic acid in acidic medium to form a red binary Mo(V) thiocyanate complex. After addition of CBZ to the complex, extraction of the formed CBZ−Mo(V)−(SCN)6 was performed using a mixture of methylene chloride and methanol. Then, the measurement of target complex was performed at the wavelength of 470 nm. The important extraction parameters affecting the efficiency of DLLME were studied and o
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In this research is estimated the function of reliability dynamic of multi state systems and their compounds and for three types of systems (serial, parallel, 2-out-of-3) and about two states (Failure and repair) depending on calculating the structur function allow to describing the behavior of
A simple and novel method was developed by combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with UV spectrophotometry for the preconcentartion and determination of trace amount of malathion. The presented method is based on using a small volume of ethylenechloride as the extraction solvent was dissolved in ethanol as the dispersive solvent, then the binary solution was rapidly injected by a syringe into the water sample containing malathion. The important parameters, such the type and volume of extraction solvent and disperser solvent, the effect of extraction time and rate, the effect of salt addition and reaction conditions were studied. At the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 2-100 ng mL-1 of ma
... Show MoreIn this paper, a new third kind Chebyshev wavelets operational matrix of derivative is presented, then the operational matrix of derivative is applied for solving optimal control problems using, third kind Chebyshev wavelets expansions. The proposed method consists of reducing the linear system of optimal control problem into a system of algebraic equations, by expanding the state variables, as a series in terms of third kind Chebyshev wavelets with unknown coefficients. Example to illustrate the effectiveness of the method has been presented.
In this paper the behavior of the quality of the gradient that implemented on an image as a function of noise error is presented. The cross correlation coefficient (ccc) between the derivative of the original image before and after introducing noise error shows dramatic decline compared with the corresponding images before taking derivatives. Mathematical equations have been constructed to control the relation between (ccc) and the noise parameter.
An environmentally begnin second derivative spectrometric approach was developed for the estimation of the dissociation constants pKa(s) of metformin, a common anti-diabetic drug. The ultraviolet spectra of the aqueous solution of metformin were measured at different acidities, then the second derivative of each spectrum was graphed. The overlaid second derivative graphs exhibited two isobestic points at 225.5 nm and 244 nm pointing out to the presence of two dissociation constants for metformin pKa1 and pKa2, respectively. The method was validated by evaluating the reproducibility of the acquired results by comparing the estimated values of the dissociation constants of two different strategies that show excellent matching. As we
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In this work, we are concerned with how to find an explicit approximate solution (AS) for the telegraph equation of space-fractional order (TESFO) using Sumudu transform method (STM). In this method, the space-fractional order derivatives are defined in the Caputo idea. The Sumudu method (SM) is established to be reliable and accurate. Three examples are discussed to check the applicability and the simplicity of this method. Finally, the Numerical results are tabulated and displayed graphically whenever possible to make comparisons between the AS and exact solution (ES).
A simple, rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in its pure form and in a tablet formulations. The suggested method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with4-nitroainlline using KIO3 in acidic solution to produce a violet colored product with maximum absorption at λ=526 nm.The analytical data obtained throughout this study could be summarid as follows: 1ml of 1M HCl (pH=2.2), 1 ml of 4-nitroanilline (1x10-2M), and 1.5ml of (1x10-2)KIO3 per 25 ml reaction medium. The order of a
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