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Determinants of national drug products acceptance across patients, pharmacists, and manufacturers: A mixed method study
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Introduction

The national pharmaceutical industry is pivotal for both the health sector and the national economy. This study aims to identify determinants of national drug products acceptance. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the level of patient and community pharmacist acceptance of national drug products available in community pharmacies and to qualitatively explore the barriers facing national pharmaceutical companies and investigate the suggested solutions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used an explanatory mixed method design. It was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from July through October 2018. The study included two surveys (one for pharmacy customers and another for pharmacists) and thereafter semi-structured interviews of national pharmaceutical company owners/managers. The interview guide was developed based on preliminary quantitative results. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview findings.

Results

We received 123 patient surveys and 125 usable pharmacist surveys. We conducted seven interviews and stopped when we reached saturation. Integrated qualitative and quantitative findings showed that the main determinants of national drug product acceptance are product characteristics (namely price, packaging, brand, and availability), healthcare providers effect on product promotion and perceived effectiveness, and regulations enforced by authorities mainly the Ministry of Health.

Conclusions

Product price was the number one modulating factor in patient decision-making when purchasing a drug product. It appears that physicians and pharmacists are playing negative or at least neutral role in promoting national drug products and sustaining patients trust in national drug products. Current policies appeared to slow national drug industry growth and limit manufacturers’ ability to expand their share in the market. Manufacturer marketing efforts can help in gaining physicians and pharmacists support of the national drug product. Reforms to current drug policy and regulations were proposed by manufacturers.

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
On Comparison Study between Double Sumudu and Elzaki Linear Transforms Method for Solving Fractional Partial Differential Equations
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        In this paper, double Sumudu and double Elzaki transforms methods are used to compute the numerical solutions for some types of fractional order partial differential equations with constant coefficients and explaining the efficiently of the method by illustrating some numerical examples that are computed by using  Mathcad 15.and graphic in Matlab R2015a.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 12 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study and measurements of the uranium and amorphous crystals concentrations in urine samples of breast cancer female patients
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In this work, Kinetic Phosphorescence Analyzer (KPA) has been used to measure the concentrations of uranium (UC) and Amorphous crystals (AMO) in urine samples of breast cancer patients in Baghdad. Additionally, a relation between UC and AMO with respect to patient's age has been deduced and studied.
Forty one urine samples of patients and five for healthy were taken from females lived in different residential area of Baghdad. The measured maximum UC value for urine samples of patients was 2.35 ± 0.053, the minimum value was 0.86 ± 0.034 μg/L, and an overall average was 1.6 ± 0.027 μg/L while the average UC for healthy females was 1.03 ± 0.020 μg/L.
From these results, AMO concentrations were found for all breast cancer patie

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Electronic Apparatus on Developing Balance in National Center for Gifted in Boxing and Basketball
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The problem of the research lies in special motor abilities training programs like the balance that positively affect coordination between the nervous system and muscles. These training programs did not get enough attention from athletes especially young athletes; their training was restricted to physical abilities like strength, speed, and endurance instead. The research aimed at designing an apparatus for developing athletes’ balance in national centers for gifted/ ministry of youth and sport so as to provide a measurement for coached in this field. The results showed that the designed apparatus have a positive effect on developing the subjects’ balance in boxing and basketball athletes.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 05 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study the structural and optical properties of titanium oxide thin film, doped with chromium prepared in Sol-Gel method
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This paper presents the effect of Cr doping on the optical and structural properties of TiO2 films synthesized by sol-gel and deposited by the dip- coating technique. The characteristics of pure and Cr-doped TiO2 were studied by absorption and X-ray diffraction measurement. The spectrum of UV absorption of TiO2 chromium concentrations indicates a red shift; therefore, the energy gap decreases with increased doping. The minimum value of energy gap (2.5 eV) is found at concentration of 4 %. XRD measurements show that the anatase phase is shown for all thin films. Surface morphology measurement by atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the roughness of thin films decrease with doping and has a minimum value with 4 wt % doping ratio.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Spectral and Biochemical Studies of New Complexes of Mixed Ligand Schiff Base and Anthranilic Acid
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In this rescrch,new mixed ligand Schiff base complexes of Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) are formulated from the Schiff base( L)resulting from  o-phathalaldehyde(o-PA) with p-nitroaniline(p-NA)as a primary ligand and anthranilic acid as a subordinate ligand. Diagnosis of prepared Ligand and its complexes is done by spectral methods mass spectrometer;1H -NMR for ligand Schiff base FTIR, UV-Vis, molar conductance, elemental microanalyses, atomic absoption and magnetic susceptibility. The analytical studies for the all new complexes have shown octahedral geometries. The study of organicperformance  of ligand Schiff base and its complexes show various activity agansit four type of bactria two gram (+) and two gram (-) .

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2010
Journal Name
Al- Mustansiriya J. Sci
Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Some Transition Metals with Alanine and 8-Hydroxyqinoline
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The mixed ligand complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with alanine and 8-hydroxyqinoline (Oxine) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR ,spectra electronic, flam-AAS] along with conductivity measurements , solubility , melting point, magnetic susceptipibility.The synthesized complexes were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity. The results obtained indicated that some of these complexes are more active than with others.

Publication Date
Thu Jun 08 2023
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Ring Opining polymerization of caprolactone And Antibacterial activity by Mixed Ligand of Metal(II) and (III)
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Reaction of L1 [((E)-N1-(nitrobenzylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine] and L2( m-aminophenol), and one equivalent of di- or tri-valent metals(Cr(ӀӀӀ), Mn(ӀӀ), Fe(ӀӀӀ), Co(ӀӀ), Ni(ӀӀ), Cu(ӀӀ) and Zn(ӀӀ) afforded the complexes [M(L1)(L2)2]Cl, M=Cr(ӀӀӀ) and Fe(ӀӀӀ) and the complexes [M(L1)(L2)2] M= Mn(ӀӀ), Co(ӀӀ), Ni(ӀӀ), Cu(ӀӀ) and Zn(ӀӀ). The structure of the Schiff base ligand and their complexes are characterized by (C:H:N), FT.IR, UV.Vis, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectral. The presence of metal in the complexes are characterized by flame atomic absorption. The spectral data of the complexes have revealed the octahedral geometry. The (L1), (L2) and mixed ligand metal complexes were screened for their ability as cataly

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Publication Date
Thu May 02 2013
Journal Name
Diyala Journal For Pure Sciences
Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligands of Dithizone and Schiff Base Complexes with Selected Metal Ions.
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Salicylaldehyde was react with 4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline-5-on to produce the Schiff base ligand 2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-salicylidene-3-pyrazoline-5-on (L). The prepared ligand was identified by Microelemental Analysis, and FT.IR, UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. A new complexes of Fe(III),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Ce(III) and Pb(II) with mixed ligands of dithizone (DTZ) and Schiff base were prepared in aqueous ethanol with a 2:2:1 M:L:DTZ. The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, (C.H.N) Analysis, FT.IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. In addition biological activity of the ligands and complexes against two selected type of bacteria

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 15 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic and Functional Dimensions of Environmental Waste in the Products of Students of the Department of Art Education: فردوس خضر الجوفي
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The practice of art is an inevitable result imposed by the circumstances surrounding the human being, as he needs some knowledge associated with raw materials, tools and methods to develop skills in the formation of elements of the work of art in new ways that give a decent artistic appearance to the work of art. Through the exploratory study carried out by the researcher, which included asking the following question to the third grade students, Department of Art Education:

What types of materials are used in handicrafts and from which sources are they obtained? Through the answers, the problem of research was founded as follows:

-Are the products of students of the Department of Art Education in the handicraft material d

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 18 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Insurance Awareness in marketing Insurance Services: An Explorative Research views of a Sample of Employees in the National Company for Insurance
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This research aims at shedding light on the concept of insurance awareness and clarifying its role on marketing insurance services of a sample of (100) employees in the National Company for Insurance. Questionnaire is used as a main instrument for collecting data and information from the sample. Their answers were analyzed by using arithmetic means, standard deviation, centesimal weight, and the correlation coefficient ( , F, t) tests .The research reached several conclusions of which:1.The sample member's response to insurance awareness and marketing insurance services factors was in the medium level.2.There was a positive relationship of a moral sign between insurance awareness and marketing insurance services, that correlation coeffic

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