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Public budget System repair Targets Prepared Public Budget
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Require senior management of the state when developing the strategy the general budget to the clarity of the reasons that are based upon the ministries in the preparation of estimates of expenditure for the next year to justify the spending, and in the absence of targets, the ministry or government unit would not be in front, but be guided by the size of expenditure for the last year in addition to the percentage of represented an increase of appropriations required for the next year in light of the fiscal policy of the state, so the requested increase in appropriations to meet the desired increase in some of its activities and to meet the increase in salaries and prices. So must be available to the Ministry of criteria that could be relied upon to determine the estimated increase in spending as a result of the projected increase in some activities.

It is clear from this that the budget is the outcome of the economic studies of past and under which approval of long-term plan in the light of national objectives needs to be done by the ministries and mean that the budget estimates are derived from data flow from the higher managerial levels and in contrast to the traditional method where the starting estimate budget levels administrative world, then ascend to the levels of the Supreme Administrative Moreover, the programming goals made the programs a central part of the assessment and trade-offs and decision-making regardless of the management levels that are interested in the implementation of the program has been created this way the opportunity to connect the inputs (costs) and outputs (achievements or benefits) for each the program.

Supports the proposed model for this system in achieving the goals of government programs to link the state and assess their contribution to the level of macroeconomic and social components of a number of basic requirements which are marginal to the success of this system. And summed up the basic components of this system as follows:

  1. Formulation of goals and sub-quantitatively and qualitatively and temporally.
    2. Responsibilities for planning and Implementation and taking control.
    3. Develop standard benchmarks to achieve goals.
  2. Calendar periodic performance.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Implementation of Transmitter Zigbee System based on Wireless Sensor Network of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
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Abstract

 

Zigbee is considered to be one of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) designed for short-range communications applications. It follows IEEE 802.15.4 specifications that aim to design networks with lowest cost and power consuming in addition to the minimum possible data rate. In this paper, a transmitter Zigbee system is designed based on PHY layer specifications of this standard. The modulation technique applied in this design is the offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) with half sine pulse-shaping for achieving a minimum possible amount of phase transitions. In addition, the applied spreading technique is direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique, which has

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Immunohistochemically Estimation of CD63 in Iraqi Patients with Gastric Cancer
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CD63 is -one of the tetraspanin family proteins, which are regarded as: hallmark exosomal markers because it is absent from other types of vesicles. It is expressed in the cell membrane of cancer cells, and cytoplasm of stromal cells. Objective: To assess CD63 expression in gastric cancer (GC) patients, and detected if it could be used as a predictive marker. Furthermore, the current study aimed to find the correlation between CD63 expression and clinicopathological parameters as: gender, age, invasion depth, histopathological type, involvement of lymph nodes, grade and stages of GC (TNM). The current study is a retrospective study in the period time from (2018 to-2020); 50 randomly patients formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks (FFPE)

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Environmental Factors on the Accuracy of a Quality Inspection System Based on Transfer Learning
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In this research, a study is introduced on the effect of several environmental factors on the performance of an already constructed quality inspection system, which was designed using a transfer learning approach based on convolutional neural networks. The system comprised two sets of layers, transferred layers set from an already trained model (DenseNet121) and a custom classification layers set. It was designed to discriminate between damaged and undamaged helical gears according to the configuration of the gear regardless to its dimensions, and the model showed good performance discriminating between the two products at ideal conditions of high-resolution images.

So, this study aimed at testing the system performance at poor s

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network modeling Using Optical System Simulator
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Abstract

Due to the continuing demand for larger bandwidth, the optical transport becoming general in the access network. Using optical fiber technologies, the communications infrastructure becomes powerful, providing very high speeds to transfer a high capacity of data. Existing telecommunications infrastructures is currently widely used Passive Optical Network that apply Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and is awaited to play an important role in the future Internet supporting a large diversity of services and next generation networks. This paper presents a design of WDM-PON network, the simulation and analysis of transmission parameters in the Optisystem 7.0 environment for bidirectional traffic. The sim

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Possibility of Applying Quality Management System ISO9001: 2008 in Station Project Al Rustumiya - A Case Study
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The research study of the possibility of the application of the quality management system under the international standard ISO ISO9001: 2008 in the station project Rustumiya wastewater treatment of the Department of SEWER BAGHDAD - Baghdad MOREALITY as the first step in the right direction towards the implementation of total quality management (TQM), and the research Find the gap between the international standard and the quality system used in the organization surveyed through the use of checklists to analyze the gap, the checklist have included (191) items distributed on five basic requirements, according to the appearance in the international standard, namely, (quality management system, management responsibility, resource man

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 13 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The role of Iraqi newspapers in instilling political culture among the public after 2003, a field study on the audience of the city of Baghdad
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The role of Iraqi newspapers in instilling political culture among the public after 2003, a field study on the audience of the city of Baghdad, University of Baghdad, College of Information, Department of Journalism, 2019,
The problem of research is to investigate the role of Iraqi newspapers in instilling the political culture of individuals after 2003, and monitor this role Through the contents and messages provided by the Iraqi newspapers to the public. the research is classified within descriptive research, it adopts the survey methodology and used the questionnaire tool. In fact, the questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 400 individuals that was selected according to the method of multi-stage cluster sample of those who re

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The use of IT infrastructure and its impact on the performance of human resources in public universities: A field study at the University of Diyala
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This study aims to identify the impact of using the infrastructure of the Information Technology (IT) on the performance of human resources in the public universities. This process is done by doing research in the size, quality, and efficiency of the performance, also speed of achievement and simplification of procedures. Diyala University was chosen for the diagnosis through the opinions and attitudes of its employees.  Consequently, suggestions that contribute to improve the performance of the employees and thus its overall performance are obtained. Another objective of this study is identifying the human resources which are currently used in academic institutions and educational services systems because the significant role of th

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 16 2022
Journal Name
Res Militaris
Public Relations Employment of Foreign Oil Corporate Social Responsibility Programs Operating in Iraq Analytical Study of Programs from 1/1/2013 to 31/12/2021
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This research addresses the employment of public relations for foreign oil corporate social responsibility programs operating in Iraq. It is a study of the programmes of six petroleum companies operating in Basra Governorate, which were selected for research as the highest production of Iraqi oil, as well as its enjoyment of strategic oil stores in Iraq.It contains the largest oil fields operatedby major international companies. This study aims at a number of objectives, notably the following:1)Recognize the most prominent corporate social responsibility projects and initiatives the companies have introduced to the local public.2)Investigate the extent to which the Iraqi publ

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Pneumatic Control System of Automatic Production Line Using Two Method of SCADA/HMI Implement PLC
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       This work focuses on the implementation of interfaces for human machine interaction (HMI) for control and monitor of automatic production line. The automatic production line which can performance feeding, transportation, sorting functions.      

            The objectives of this work are implemented two SCADA/HMI system using two different software. TIA portal software was used to build HMI, alarm, and trends in touch panel which are helped the operator to control and monitor the production line. LabVIEW software was used to build HMI and trends on the computer screen and was linked with Micros

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Correcting Working Postures in Water Pump Assembly Tasks using the OVAKO Work Analysis System (OWAS)
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Ovako Working Postures Analyzing System (OWAS) is a widely used method for studying awkward working postures in workplaces. This study with OWAS, analyzed working postures for manual material handling of laminations at stacking workstation for water pump assembly line in Electrical Industrial Company (EICO) / Baghdad. A computer program, WinOWAS, was used for the study. In real life workstation was found that more than 26% of the working postures observed were classified as either AC2 (slightly harmful), AC3 (distinctly harmful). Postures that needed to be corrected soon (AC3) and corresponding tasks, were identified. The most stressful tasks observed were grasping, handling, and positioning of the laminations from workers. The construct

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