The research aims to analyze the impact of exchange rate fluctuations (EXM and EXN) and inflation (INF) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Iraq for the period 1988-2020. The research is important by analyzing the magnitude of the macroeconomic and especially GDP effects of these variables, as well as the economic effects of exchange rates on economic activity. The results of the standard analysis using the ARDL model showed a long-term equilibrium relationship, according to the Bound Test methodology, from explanatory (independent) variables to the internal (dependent) variable, while the value of the error correction vector factor was negative and moral at a level less than (1%). The relationship between EXM and GDP was inverse, with partial flexibility for EXM (-7.666), meaning that an increase in EXM (1%) will lead to a decrease in GDP (7.666%). This applies to the reality of the Iraqi economy, as the method used in recent times is to devalue the local currency. The effect of EXN was steady in the long run, with the partial flexibility of EXN (5.785), that is, an increase of EXN (1%) will lead to an increase in GDP (5.785%), and the model as a whole is statistically significant. The explanatory power of the model is high, as it was (R2=0.816), indicating that 81% of the changes in GDP in constant prices are due to the change in (EXM, EXN, and INF). The study concluded that in light of the outbreak of the coronavirus, the disruption of most economic projects, and the decline in the prices of the Iraqi government, as a result of the decrease in the balance of oil and oil revenues, as a result of the balance of the government part of the solution is to devalue the local currency by controlling the nominal exchange rate. At present, the Iraqi Monetary Authority recommends that the Managed Flexible Exchange System be continued as an effective means of avoiding external shocks for the Iraqi economy, as it allows for appropriate adjustments to be made continuously
The poverty in the developing countries is output to under development as we consider welfare, where as when the poverty disappear that produced be the general development . Historically, in our countries, the underdevelopment is the result of colonialism period and what is associated with it of transferring the surplus abroad and the disorder of production structure. And at the present time, the poverty is reproduced and aggravated in the last years as a result of many internal and external reasons.Today, poverty is associated in many forms with the poverty previously.
المقدمة
: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the possibility of applying the principles of corporate governance in the General Authority for taxes, as the goal to identify the basic requirements for the application of the principles of corporate governance in the GCT with an indication of the role of governance in improving the strategic performance of tax administration. The research was based in part applied to the analysis of the results form questionnaire designed to achieve the goal of the research .
مكانية استخدام السوق المالية في التنبؤ بالدورات الاقتصادية
The importance the youth because they are the fundamental basis of the development process so to be an emphasis on their active participation in community building . When there is community participation the democratization . Will tazzfa community because the process of community participation and develop the capacity to carry on almsoulin among young people and will lead to culture of self confidence and alhawwar walaklauah . Beactivted and community participation for young people through several channels . Family , school , media and civil society organization as we discussed in the research factrstnat hinder community participation of youth in development . The most important factors that hinder participating based on patriarc
... Show MoreEach of the languages possesses a set of phenomena that researchers in its sciences should stop at to explain the secrets of this language, including the phenomenon of idiomatic expression. Perhaps this phenomenon may constitute an obstacle to non-native speakers of the language or even the native speakers themselves. The Arabic language is full of these expressions, Which needs us to dedicate its own studies to it so that we can collect it in a dictionary that includes and collects it with explanation and interpretation of its semantics
- Aim of the current research is to know the impact of guided discovery strategy sports communication skills among students in first grade average in mathematics.
- , Consisted sample of (58) a student from a school Baghdad Rusafa, divided in two groups, one experimental studied according to strategy discovery The second group studied the traditional way, the researchers built search tool (test communication skills sports), and using a number of statistical methods including : -
- Test (t - test) was used to independent samples to examine the match Mediterranean experimental and control groups and tested Levin (Leven - test
همجوارى جغ ا رفياى ميان عربها واي ا رنيان نقش بز رگ در بروز آشكار برخى از روابط وعلاقه
هااى مياان دو زباان عرباى وفار اى وهمچناين مياان دو ادبيااا عرباى وفار اى وگويناد كاه ادبيااا
فار ى قديم اولين ادبياا خارجى كاه باه ادبيااا عرباى مبوا، باود وهماين باعا انبشاار زباان عرباى
در اي ا رن شد. وبعد از فبح ا لامى زبان فار ى بيشبر وا ه ژ هاى خود از زبان عربى گرفاا همچناين
به زبان عربى ب يارى از وا ه ژ هاى وادر كرد
يهدف هذا البحث الموسوم بـ (المنهج النقدي في كتاب الرجال للنجاشي(ت 450هـ )إلى تسليط الضوء على حياة النجاشي ومكانته العلمية والكشف عن منهجه النقدي في كتابه المذكور.
يعد الرثاء أساساً من أسس الموروث الشعري العربي، وهو باب من أبواب الشعر الرئيسة. وقد وجد الإنسان فيه بغيته في التعبير عن مكنون نفسه ساعة تكتظ بالألم، ومنفذاً يخرج منه لواعجه وأشجانه إلى الخارج في شكل تعبيري يحرر الدمعة، ويعاتب الموت. والرثاء غرض متطور ينمو مع نمو المجتمع والحياة ويسجل التغيير الذي يحصل في كل مرحلة من مراحل التاريخ، وهو نتيجة مهمة من نتائج اصطدام الشاعر بالحياة والأحداث. لهذا وقع اختياري على شع
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