Controlling public expenditures is one of the main objectives of the public budget. The public budget often suffers from a deficit, whether in developed or developing countries, because expenditures are usually greater than the revenues generated. This requires the existence of financial rules that are adhered to by the government, which in turn leads to discipline. Fiscal policy leads to a reduction in the obligations incumbent on the government. Adhering to the financial rules would correct the course of fiscal policy in Iraq, with the need to direct oil revenues in the years of financial abundance when global oil prices rise to sovereign funds similar to other rentier countries, which contributes to maintaining the stability of the exchange rate and reducing dependence on The Central Bank. It performs monetary sterilization operations to sterilize the negative effects resulting from the lack of fiscal policy discipline, which negatively affects the foreign currency reserves and depletes them. The main conclusion reached by the research is that there is a state of financial indiscipline that has negatively affected the Iraqi dinar exchange rate, and that the attempts of the Central Bank of Iraq have partially worked to reduce the negative effects of the expansionary financial policy, and the main recommendation of the research was to work to achieve more discipline in fiscal policy in order to reduce the state of economic instability and mitigate the monetary sterilization policy by The Central Bank and the accompanying depletion of hard currency
Coupling reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with the 8-hydroxy quinoline gave the azo ligand (H2L): 5-(2-benzoic acid azo )-8-hydroxy quinoline.Treatment of this ligand with some metal ions (CoII, NiII and CuII ) in ethanolic medium with a (1:2) (M:L) ratio yielded a series of neutral complexes with general Formula[M(HL)2],where: M=Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), HL=anion azo ligand (-1).The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption,FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements.
The nuclear charge density distributions, form factors and
corresponding proton, charge, neutron, and matter root mean square
radii for stable 4He, 12C, and 16O nuclei have been calculated using
single-particle radial wave functions of Woods-Saxon potential and
harmonic-oscillator potential for comparison. The calculations for the
ground charge density distributions using the Woods-Saxon potential
show good agreement with experimental data for 4He nucleus while
the results for 12C and 16O nuclei are better in harmonic-oscillator
potential. The calculated elastic charge form factors in Woods-Saxon
potential are better than the results of harmonic-oscillator potential.
Finally, the calculated root mean square
. New Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((ІІ), Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Zn(ІІ) and Cd(ІІ) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic m
... Show MoreThe nuclear charge density distributions, form factors andcorresponding proton, charge, neutron, and matter root mean squareradii for stable 4He, 12C, and 16O nuclei have been calculated usingsingle-particle radial wave functions of Woods-Saxon potential andharmonic-oscillator potential for comparison. The calculations for theground charge density distributions using the Woods-Saxon potentialshow good agreement with experimental data for 4He nucleus whilethe results for 12C and 16O nuclei are better in harmonic-oscillatorpotential. The calculated elastic charge form factors in Woods-Saxonpotential are better than the results of harmonic-oscillator potential.Finally, the calculated root mean square radii usingWoods-Saxonpotentials ho
... Show MoreThe Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FT-IR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2-) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine b
... Show MoreThe use of economic resources enjoyed Iraq by especially oil resources, which constitute the main source of financial revenue, would the economic surplus outside the oil sector increases by mobilizing and rallying the labor power and turn it into an access capitalism, , was the cause of "the inaction of the productive sectors of the economy, made the investment planning process and even investment in human capital was not rationality with the increasing number of unemployed, particularly certificates and specializations high campaign, direction of the government towards market liberalism after 2003 through the, was focused not follow a clear economic policies, and the absence of planning, and the absence
... Show MoreNew mixed ligand complexes of New Schiff base 4,4'- ((naphthalen-1-ylimino) methylene) dibenzene-1,3-diol and 8-hydroxy quinoline: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal studies and Biological Activities
Enticed by the present scenario of infectious diseases, four new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes of Schiff base ligand were synthesized from 6,6′-((1E-1′E)(phenazine-2,3-dielbis(azanylidene)-bis-(methanylidene)-bis-(3-(diethylamino)phenol)) (
The Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala
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