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jeasiq-1699
Public Bank Debt and Foreign reserve constraint in Iraq for the Period (2017-2004)
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Abstract

Public debt has posed a major challenge to both developing and developed countries, which has focused attention on the optimal limits (threshold of debt) and its determinants.

The study examines the effect of the Public bank debt on the foreign reserves and the work of the foreign reserve as a limitation on the process of bank debt (part of the internal debt) for the period (2017-2004), in addition to finding the type and nature of the relationship between them according to the hypotheses of the study, Public bank debt and foreign reserves.

The study was based on data from the Iraqi banking sector, which showed that Iraq has a foreign reserve in line with international standards, but maintains an excessive reserve. And that the Central Bank of Iraq cannot control the request or offer reserve, but he manages this reserve. It also shows Iraq's dependence on oil revenues in the sustainability of its debt, which means that increasing the oil resource works to sustain the public bank debt.

Non-bank institutions contributed to the internal debt process (the Department for the Care of Minors and the National Pensioners Authority), and the Central Bank of Iraq contributed to the process of bank debt, by discounting remittances in the secondary market only, with the sharp decline in oil prices during the years (2017,2016,2015) (32.6, 51.5 and 48.6) % respectively, which gave an outlet to finance the deficit or military spending, while bonds constituted a low ratio. The contribution of the Central Bank of Iraq in the process of banking debt, led to the depletion of foreign reserves, where the window maintained the sale of foreign currency almost the same amount, while central dollar purchases from the Ministry of Finance decreased, which is offset through the reserves, and thus drain.

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Ijarah and lease ending with ownership and its implications for the bank's profits: A case study in the Emirates Islamic Bank and Emirates NBD
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The formula of Ijarah and Ijarah ending with ownership is one of the investment formulas in Islamic banks, so this research has shed light on it in order to benefit from the experiences of the research sample banks, This research aims to find a reliable way for Iraqi Islamic banks, namely (leasing and leasing ending with ownership) in order to invest their money without usurious interests, The problem of the research emerges through the lack of awareness of the Iraqi Islamic banks to work with different Islamic financing formulas and their inability to invest their money through the adoption of their administrations for different formulas, including the leasing, and this is reflected in the decrease and fluctuation of its profits, Theref

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
2D Seismic Reflection Study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Period in Qasab-Jawan Area in Northwestern Iraq
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      A seismic study was conducted to re-interpret the Qasab and Jawan oil field in northern Iraq, south of the city of Mosul, by reprocessing and interpreting many seismic sections of a number of field surveys that included the field area. Two reflectors are detected, represented by Hartha Formations which were deposited during the Cretaceous age and Euphrates Formation which was deposited during the Tertiary age in order to stabilize the structural image of this field. The study was achieved by reinterpreting seismic sections using the Petrel program, where time, velocity  and depth maps were prepared for the two formations.

The study showed that the Qasab and Jawan fields generally consist of a s

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 20 1930
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Public leave for modernists Its benefits and the judgment of its operation
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2 The benefit of the leave of our time is the leakage and inclusion in the series of narrators of modern.
3 The leave is therefore permissible to narrate the hadeeth or other sciences from a sheik or sheiks, and not
the talk.
4 It is not necessary that the grantee of the leave has studied the student who is the holder of the leave.
5 - in which a great meaning is the sense of the recipient seeking blessing through the link
With attribution to our master Muhammad peace be upon him.

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Law And Humanities Sciences
Fair compensation for expropriation for the public benefit (A comparative study)
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The right to property is one of the most fundamental rights enjoyed by individuals, and most national constitutions and laws, as well as international conventions, have to be respected and protected only in accordance with the economic and social development of the country (the so-called public benefit) and in return for just compensation. What is fair compensation?

Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Famous Muslims' Graveyards in the Persian Country in the Islamic Ages: A Historical Study in the Maraqid Al-Maaraf Book for Harz Aldeen
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There are many studies that discussed the famous museum's graveyards in the Islamic worlds, to study the lives of these figures, there are many difficulties for their studies because the first we need the regularity and history information, and many sciences support, such as in language, geography information.

I am studying the research from Maraqid Al-Maaraf book by Harz Aldeen, the book has large members about the persons have graved in Persian Country in the middle ages, there are more than (30) figures in my study, I have studied every figure in this research depending on the sources and references books.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Exposure to violence and academic achievement in Iraq
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Background: Iraqis were exposed to wars, widespread violence and civil war. Post-traumatic stress disorder develops after exposure to trauma and violence. It has a negative effect on academic achievement of the students.
Objective: This report was carried out to study the effect of exposure to violence on academic achievement of youths in Iraq.
Methods: A total of 319 university students from Baghdad were included in the study. Their age ranged between 18 and 24 years with male to female ratio of 0.6:1. A questionnaire was filled for each participant. Requested data were demographic information, data on school achievement and Harvard Trauma questionnaire (exposure to war trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder “PTSD”). Chi square

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the causal relationship between agricultural imports and some economic variables in Iraq
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Foreign trade receives a good deal of economists' attention for its active contribution to economic growth, and imports of goods and services that could not be produced locally constitute an important share of the local economy.  Agricultural imports constitute an important share of the total imports due to their role in fulfilling the needs of local markets; however, the agricultural sector in Iraq contributes no more than a limited share of the country's need, which has encouraged the import of a variety of fruits, vegetables and strategic crops and different types of red and white meat. For the sake of identifying the factors affecting the demand on agricultural imports in Iraq, the following factors has been analyzed: th

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
The International And Political Journal
Constitutional Amendments in Oman and Their Impact on Internal and Foreign Policy
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The Sultanate of Oman is located in the far southwest of the Arabian Peninsula and enjoys a distinctive geographical location as it overlooks the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The Sultanate has good relations with various countries of the world and enjoys an important regional position. At the beginning of 2020, Sultan Qaboos bin Said died, and Haitham bin Tariq assumed power after him, according to the will of his cousin, the late Sultan. The new Sultan had held some important positions before 2020, including: Minister of Heritage and Culture since February 2002, Chairman of the Supreme Committee for the Future Vision (Oman 2040), Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs f

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 04 2023
Journal Name
2nd International Conference Of Mathematics, Applied Sciences, Information And Communication Technology
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic public health challenges in Iraq: Current status and future implications
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Coronavirus diseases 2021 (COVID-19) on going situation in Iraq is characterized in this paper. The pandemic handling by the government and the difficulties of public health measures enforcement in Iraq. Estimation of the COVID-19 data set was performed. Iraq is endangered to the pandemic, like the rest of the world besides sharing borders with hotspot neighbouring country Iran. The government of Iraq launched proactive measures in an attempt to prevent the viral spread. Nevertheless, reports of new cases keep escalating leaving the public health officials racing to take more firm constriction to face the pandemic. The paper bring forth the current COVID-19 scenario in Iraq, the government measures towards the public health challenges, and

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Use of Remote Sensing in the assessment and classification of land degradation in the district of Mahmudiya for the period 1990-2007
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The study consisted in the development and use of a practical method to detect and
monitor, analyze and produce maps of changes in land use and land cover in the district of
Mahmudiya in Baghdad during the period 1990-2007 using the applications of remote sensing
techniques and with the assisstant of geographic information systems (GIS),as a valuable
contribution to land degradation studies.
This study is based maiuly on the processing on two subsets of landsat5 TM images picked up
in August 1990 and 2007 respectively in order to facilitate comparision and were thengeometrically and radiometrcally calibrated ,to used for digital classification purposes using
maximum liklihoods classification or six spectral bands of

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