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ستراتيجية دعم وتطوير الصناعات الصغيرة في ضوء تقويم فاعلية مبادرات القروض في العراق
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أفرزت الظروف الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي عانى منها الاقتصاد العراقي العديد من الاثار السلبية وتكريس بيئة من شانها التشجيع على اقامة مشاريع صناعية وخدمية لا تتناسب وتغيرات السوق وتعتمد على آلات ومعدات بسيطة وتشتمل أعمال حرفية يدوية الصنع وبائعي التجزئة ومختلف انواع الورش والمصانع والمعامل غير المرخص لها وغير المجازة قانونا، حيث أنتشار المشروعات بشكل عشوائي غير منتظم بعيدا عن رقابة وسيطرة الدولة. وسعيا الى تحقيق موازنة نسبية تسمح لها الاستمرار في البقاء ولعدم قدرتها على المنافسة مع نظيرتها من المصانع تلك التي تتمتع بمزايا تنافسية فأنها تكون مضطرة اغلب الأحيان إلى زيادة مستوى الغش الصناعي والتجاري في منتجاتها وخفض مستوى الجودة. باعادة تدوير الإنتاج لبعض المواد الأولية مثل البلاستيك والألمنيوم وأستخدام قطع الغيار المستعملة ليصبح ذلك جزء من ثقافة السوق والقائمين على القطاع الصناعي (أفراد وشركات)  .

ان مجمل هذه الاسباب  تعزى اساسا الى عدم تبني ستراتيجية صناعية لدعم قطاع الاعمال الخاص وخصوصا المصانع الصغيرة، وغياب التنظيمات المسؤولة عن توجيه المستثمرين الصغار في ظل تزايد اعداد العاطلين وماينجم عن ذلك من تزايد مستويات الفقر، بحيث دفع ذلك الى العمل في اقتصاد الظل ليجتذب مختلف الانشطة الصناعية وخصوصا الخدمية منها والاعمال النمطية بسيطة التكنولوجيا من مثل ورش الميكانيك والكهرباء والخدمات الصناعية الاخرى وأنشطة الخدمات المنزلية والتصليح والصيانة   وهذه الانواع من الانشطة تتصف بعدم وجود ترخيص رسمي بمزاولة المهنة ولا تخضع لقوانين العمل، وتفتقر لمعايير الصحة والسلامة المهنية ولا يوجد كيان مستقل أو تنظيم نقابي او اتحادي لها. حيث سهولة مزاولة النشاط سواء كان إنتاجيا أو مهنيا. بناء على ذلك ان تحليل الجوانب المحيطة بالصناعات الصغيرة تلك التي عملت واثبتت نجاحات طيلة فترة الحصار الاقتصادي في تلبية الطلب المحلي قبل تعرضها لحالة الانهيار والتوقف وتحقق خسائر يتطلب تذليل العوائق الادارية والتمويلية والتسويقية والفنية خصوصا وان انشاء المشاريع الصغيرة تعد مدخلا اساسيا لحل مشكلة البطالة والفقر في العراق .

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 07 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Effectiveness of enrichment activities through using software program for second graders in Conversation article
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Today we are witnessing huge scientific and technical progress so we need more skills and methods of thinking that needs to be acquired by the teacher, as the importance of computers in education  there are  many teachers  suffering  of the difficulty in teaching for pupils . researchers tried to  find a good suitable way with the technological  interests for now which represent by  computer design software and the introduction of enrichment activities in the curriculum because it is one of a contemporary trends for the development of the Arabic language with various levels of education and knowing if this program has negative or positive impact.

So&nbsp

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
لاصطلام في الخلاف بين الإمامين الشافعي وأبي حنيفة للشيخ الامام منصور بن محمد بن عبد الجبار المروزي السمعاني أبي المظفر(ت498هـ) من مسألة (إذا تزوج الكافر أختين أو أكثر، من أربع نسوة ، ثم أسلم وأسلمن معه -دراسة وتحقيق-
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لاصطلام في الخلاف بين الإمامين الشافعي وأبي حنيفة للشيخ الامام منصور بن محمد بن عبد الجبار المروزي السمعاني أبي المظفر(ت498هـ) من مسألة (إذا تزوج الكافر أختين أو أكثر، من أربع نسوة ، ثم أسلم وأسلمن معه

-دراسة وتحقيق-

اعداد

أ0م0د0قصي سعيد احمد

جامعة بغداد/ كلية العلوم الاسلامية

قسم الشريعة/ فقه مقارن

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
فاعلية أستراتيجية ثنائية التحليل والتركيب في تحصيل طالبات الصف الرابع العلمي والتفكير عالي الرتبة في مادة علم الأحياء
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The current research aims to study (the effect of strategy of analysis - synthesis duality in the collection of scientific fourth stage students and high-order thinking in Biology material). For evidence the objective of the research, the researcher formulated the following two null hypotheses: 1. There is no significant difference at the statistical level (0.05) between the average of scores of the experimental group students that will study according to the dualism strategy of analysis and structure and the average of scores of the controlled group students that will study according to the normal way in the collection. 2. There is no significant difference at the statistical level (0.05) between the average of scores of the experimenta

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 07 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Post-Abortion Family Planning Counseling Program on Nurses and Midwives' Practices in Middle Euphrates Maternity Hospitals
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Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of post-abortion family planning counseling program on nurses and midwives' practices and to predict the variables which may effect on their practices Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted from 23th April 2017 to 14th March 2018 in three governorates in Middle Euphrates of Iraq: (Holy Karbala, Al - Najef Al Ashraf and Babylon) on nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select 122 nurses and midwives, (60) of them for study group and (62) for control group. A checklist is an instrument that evaluate the practices which included 50 items. Validity of content was determined through reviewing it by (16) experts and reliability of to

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 17 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Stimuli effectiveness of teaching aids in the development of the technical capacity of secondary school students in the technical configuration items: ليلى شويل حسين
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The importance of culture moot ( visual ) in the community , serves as the conceptual basis for the technical and aesthetic awareness , as all the fields of art represents a kind of social consciousness can not be separated from the practice of performance and awareness of it. That the link between what you do image that expresses the cognitive aspects and performance , and what is reflected on the receiver by turning the event into a set of symbols and meanings that have a correlation relationship to society , education, and other fields. Therefore must provide " material conditions and psychological " that helps the learner to interact effectively and with the active elements of the learning environment in the classroom and gain

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Intervention Oriented Program on the Prognosis of Osteopenia among Women at Private Clinics in Baghdad City
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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an Intervention Oriented program on the prognosis of Osteopenia among Women at Private clinics in Baghdad City. Methodology: A longitudinal design. A purposive ''non probability'' sample of (25) Women who have bone mineral density (BMD) T- test between (-1 to -2.5). The data are collected through the utilization of a constructed questionnaire and by means of interview with each client who is involved in the study. Each interview takes approximately (20) minutes. Results: The study showed that there is a good improvement in bone density accord after applicatio

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effectiveness of visual intelligence strategy in the collection of students in the Department of Art Education in the perspective material: أسامة حسن عبد علي الصفار
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Select the researcher discussed problem of asking the following : Do you use visual intelligence strategy effective in the collection of students in the Department of Art Education in the foreseeable material ? The research aims to " measure the effectiveness of the strategy in the collection of visual intelligence students in the Department of Art Education in the foreseeable material ". To verify the objective of this research was identify hypotheses zero to measure the level of achievement in the foreseeable material second grade students in the Department of Art Education - Faculty of Fine Arts . The population of the research students in the Department of Art Education / Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Baghdad who are stud

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Integration between Lean Production and sustainable value chain in light of the trend towards a sustainable circular economy
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In a resource-limited world, there is an urgent need to develop new economic models, from the traditional unsustainable industrial model of product consumption and disposal, to a new model based on the concepts of sustainability in its comprehensive sense, the so-called circular economy, using fewer resources in manufacturing processes and changing practices in product disposal to waste, by removing its use, recycling and manufacturing to start another manufacturing process. In an era of intense competition in domestic and global markets, the importance of the circular economy is highlighted in its ability to strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises in those markets, by reducing the cost and increasing the quality of the pro

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 28 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
THE CULTURAL FACTORS THAT ARE AFFECTING THE COMMUNICATOR IN INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS: ) Reading In Light Of The Theory Of The Cultural Relativism(
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This research addressed the cultural factors that are affecting the communicator in international public relations in light of the theory of the cultural relativism. The research aimed to find out the nature of cultural differences between societies and how can for professionals in international public relations understanding the culture of other and communicate with him peacefully. The researcher used qualitative and interpretative methodology. Some of the important results of the research are: The Communities are affected by cultural factors that are composed from values, customs, traditions, prevailing and inherited ethic, languages, religious beliefs, fashion, gender, colors indi

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The social organization of the Iraqi society "sociological study on the social arrangement in light of sociological analysis of some deviant behavior theories"
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The current article focuses on studying the social organization reality of the Iraqi society; it aims to construct an Iraqi organized personality that believe in the principles of Islamic religion by making use of the sociology thoughts in explaining the strength of social organization, and the causes of social deviance in attempt of decreasing the deviance and strengthening the cohesion of Iraqi character.

The researchers put forward some questions: to what extent the western theoretical pattern can succeed in explaining the social organization of the Iraqi society? What is the more appropriate western theory for diagnosing the cohesion and deviance of the society? What is the s

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