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Private investment and its role in the process of economic reform in Iraq
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بعد ثورة تموز عام 1958في العراق, لم يكن يسمح للقطاع الخاص بأن تكون له استثمارات كبيرة في القطاعات الاقتصادية. وذلك بسبب الإيديولوجيات التي كانت تؤطر الفكر السياسي. حيث كان النهج الاشتراكي هو الغالب في إدارة الأنشطة الاقتصادية. إذ قامت الدولة بتأميم معظم الاستثمارات الخاصة الكبيرة ،لاسيما في القطاع الصناعي مطلع عقد الستينات من القرن الماضي. وظل النشاط العام هو النشاط المهيمن على جميع الفعاليات الاقتصادية. مما حرم الاقتصاد العراقي فرصة الاستفادة من دور القطاع الخاص الوطني إلا في استثمارات صغيرة محدودة رأس المال. كما حرم هذا القطاع من التطور والحصول على الخبرات التكنولوجية، نتيجة عدم السماح للاستثمار الأجنبي بالعمل داخل العراق.

وأن أهمية الاستثمار الوطني أو الأجنبي، ليست متأتية فقط من الحاجة إلى الرأسمال في الدول التي تعاني من شح مواردها المالية، وإنما ً تأتي من المساعدة التي يقدمها الرأسمال الخاص والأجنبي في نقل التكنولوجيا والخبرات الفنية وخلق فرص عمل لامتصاص ظاهرة البطالة التي تعاني منها البلدان النامية ومنها البلدان العربية .

ولأهمية الاستثمار في عملية النمو الاقتصادي وتحقيق قدر من التوازن بين القطاعات الاقتصادية، نجد ان معظم الدول النامية قد أصدرت قوانين لتشجيع حركة الاستثمارات فيها، وعملت على اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية  لتهيأة المناخ الملائم لجذب الاستثمارات الخارجية. لاسيما بعد أن رسخت القناعة بأهمية عملية الإصلاحات الاقتصادية والتفاعل مع المعطيات التي أفرزتها المتغيرات الدولية في عملية التطور الاقتصادي ،وفي مقدمتها الانفتاح على الاستثمار الخارجي. مما ساعد خلال العقدين الماضيين إلى زيادة كبيرة في تدفقات رؤوس الأموال تجاه الدول النامية.

وعراق اليوم يحتاج إلى اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية أكثر من أي وقت مضى تساعد في إعادة هيكلة الاقتصاد العراقي على أسس حديثة، والنهوض بواقع القطاعات الاقتصادية وعدم الاعتماد فقط على القطاع ألاستخراجي. وكان في مقدمة هذه السياسات الإصلاحية تشجيع الاستثمار بجميع أشكاله لإعادة بناء الاقتصاد العراقي. وكانت أولى الخطوات الأساسية في عملية تغير النهج الذي سار عليه في تنمية الاقتصاد العراقي، هو صدور قانون الاستثمار الجديد رقم (13) لسنة (2006) الذي يعد خطوة هامة في تشجع الاستثمارات الخاصة الوطنية والعربية والأجنبية. الى ا

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Liquidity Indicators to Assess its Risks and Enhance Capital Adequacy in Banking Activity
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This purpose of the research is to test liquidity ratios to assess bank liquidity risks represented by liquidity ratios (current assets / current liabilities, current assets / total deposits, current assets / total assets, cash credit / total deposits, liquidity coverage ratio LCR, net stable financing ratio NSFR). This research involves evaluating these risks in banks via these ratios, and reveal the most important means used to solve these risks, including the capital adequacy ratio under the Basel II decisions and for selected period (2017-2019).The research reached the most important conclusion, which is the bank sample did not fall into bank liquidity risks throughout the years of research. Tracking specific ratio with adequ

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 18 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Optimization and Prediction of Process Parameters in SPIF that Affecting on Surface Quality Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm
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Incremental sheet metal forming is a modern technique of sheet metal forming in which a uniform sheet is locally deformed during the progressive action of a forming tool. The tool movement is governed by a CNC milling machine. The tool locally deforms by this way the sheet with pure deformation stretching. In SPIF process, the research is concentrate on the development of predict models for estimate the product quality. Using simulated annealing algorithm (SAA), Surface quality in SPIF has been modeled. In the development of this predictive model, spindle speed, feed rate and step depth have been considered as model parameters. Maximum peak height (Rz) and Arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) are used as response parameter to assess th

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Role of Banking Marketing Strategies in achieving Competitive Advantage: Applicatory Research on a Sample of Iraqi Private Banks
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The main purpose of this research aims to measure the role of banking strategies marketing in achieving competitive advantage within a sample of Iraqi private banks, and in order to achieve this purpose,  the researcher depend on number of sober research approaches which consisted of descriptive, analytical and practical methodologies, to strengthen concepts addressed by the research, size of the sample was (56) individuals which makes up the senior leadership represented (Chairman and members of the Board of Directors, Commissioners and their assistants and department heads) while the primary tool for research (questionnaire), which has been designed based on a number of solemn scientific metrics, after adapted these metrics commen

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 08 2023
Journal Name
Hammurabi Journal For Studies
The Impact of the Political Process on Government Stability in Iraq After 2003
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The research in the variables of the political process and government stability tried to show the impact of the political process on political stability first, and then on government stability second, given that the political process that was established in 2005 was aimed at achieving legitimacy, and its most prominent tools are elections, leading to achieving political stability, including government stability. The issue of governmental stability is one of the important issues in Iraq, but it has not been achieved, as a result of several factors, including problems in political action, as the political process has not succeeded in leading Iraq to stability.

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Publication Date
Sat May 05 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
planning and design of a tourist village in the marshes of southern Iraq
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This study analyzes how to make use of the resources in the marshlands of Iraq and how to utilize them, especially after the water returns to these areas and they are revitalized. We take an example of AL- Saheen Marsh and plan an ideal tourist resort there. This example can further expand to include other parts of the marshlands. The resort will utilize the local environment and tourist characteristics as it will have a feel and architectural resemblance to the houses and buildings that are currently built there. In addition the transportation methods will be the same as those used by the locals. Yet the resort will still posses all the facilities required by a modern tourist resort that includes all the services that will make

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Factors influencing to the cognition operation & its Data: وفاء جاسم محمد
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The present research deals with the influencing factors which depends on the way perceptual of the graphic designer which enters in the design logos of the loco European health, where the search include four chapters, the researcher reviewed in the chapter 0ne the methodical frame of the research ,as reviewed in the second chapter the theoretical frame, and the previous studies which included three sections, the first section included the perceptual understandable and types of it, and the second section included the influencing factors in the designer perceptual ways and its division . While the third section included the perceptual in graphic designer through the percepted shapes and the relation with ground and colors for express the i

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
HISTORY AND MODERNITY OF POETRY AS : A Reference Of The Modern Poem In Iraq
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One of the most important intellectual issues, which receive attention is the issue of modernity, it has occupied the scholars of all time. However, modern poetry used to have special care in Iraq and in the Arab countries .. it is not strange that the concept of modernity is linked to history .. or having history as the most important dimension of its dimensions .. because Arab poetry is historical and it is moving into an area of ​​the past that is still active in terms of language and literary image .. When some poets found that changing and modernizing poetry became a necessity of evolution, and one of the fundamentals of modernization, the cultural impact did not respond to the desire of poets, and their impulse in modern poetry

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Self-Esteem and its Relationship with the Age, Gender and academic Achievement among the students of the south Iraq Colleges of Nursing
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Abstract
Objectives: this study aims to: (1). Assess self-esteem level and academic achievement for students of nursing colleges in southern Iraq. (2). Determine the relationship between levels of self-esteem and academic achievement of the student in the first semester. (3). Identify differences of self-esteem with gender and different age groups.
Methodology: a sample of (426 students) was purposively selected then collected by using a questionnaire which consisted of: I- Sociodemographic characteristics for assessing some important aspects of students, II- Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) III- Iraq Grading Scale for assessing student achievement. Finally statistical analysis (SPSS) for data processing.
Results: study resu

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Role of Patnership Approuch in Facilitating Housing in Iraq
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2014
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Political events in Iraq after 2003 and the impact of belonging and awareness in contemporary Iraqi composition
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الاحداث السياسية في العراق بعد 2003 وأثر الانتماء والوعي في التشكيل العراقي المعاصر

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