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Private investment and its role in the process of economic reform in Iraq
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بعد ثورة تموز عام 1958في العراق, لم يكن يسمح للقطاع الخاص بأن تكون له استثمارات كبيرة في القطاعات الاقتصادية. وذلك بسبب الإيديولوجيات التي كانت تؤطر الفكر السياسي. حيث كان النهج الاشتراكي هو الغالب في إدارة الأنشطة الاقتصادية. إذ قامت الدولة بتأميم معظم الاستثمارات الخاصة الكبيرة ،لاسيما في القطاع الصناعي مطلع عقد الستينات من القرن الماضي. وظل النشاط العام هو النشاط المهيمن على جميع الفعاليات الاقتصادية. مما حرم الاقتصاد العراقي فرصة الاستفادة من دور القطاع الخاص الوطني إلا في استثمارات صغيرة محدودة رأس المال. كما حرم هذا القطاع من التطور والحصول على الخبرات التكنولوجية، نتيجة عدم السماح للاستثمار الأجنبي بالعمل داخل العراق.

وأن أهمية الاستثمار الوطني أو الأجنبي، ليست متأتية فقط من الحاجة إلى الرأسمال في الدول التي تعاني من شح مواردها المالية، وإنما ً تأتي من المساعدة التي يقدمها الرأسمال الخاص والأجنبي في نقل التكنولوجيا والخبرات الفنية وخلق فرص عمل لامتصاص ظاهرة البطالة التي تعاني منها البلدان النامية ومنها البلدان العربية .

ولأهمية الاستثمار في عملية النمو الاقتصادي وتحقيق قدر من التوازن بين القطاعات الاقتصادية، نجد ان معظم الدول النامية قد أصدرت قوانين لتشجيع حركة الاستثمارات فيها، وعملت على اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية  لتهيأة المناخ الملائم لجذب الاستثمارات الخارجية. لاسيما بعد أن رسخت القناعة بأهمية عملية الإصلاحات الاقتصادية والتفاعل مع المعطيات التي أفرزتها المتغيرات الدولية في عملية التطور الاقتصادي ،وفي مقدمتها الانفتاح على الاستثمار الخارجي. مما ساعد خلال العقدين الماضيين إلى زيادة كبيرة في تدفقات رؤوس الأموال تجاه الدول النامية.

وعراق اليوم يحتاج إلى اعتماد سياسات إصلاحية أكثر من أي وقت مضى تساعد في إعادة هيكلة الاقتصاد العراقي على أسس حديثة، والنهوض بواقع القطاعات الاقتصادية وعدم الاعتماد فقط على القطاع ألاستخراجي. وكان في مقدمة هذه السياسات الإصلاحية تشجيع الاستثمار بجميع أشكاله لإعادة بناء الاقتصاد العراقي. وكانت أولى الخطوات الأساسية في عملية تغير النهج الذي سار عليه في تنمية الاقتصاد العراقي، هو صدور قانون الاستثمار الجديد رقم (13) لسنة (2006) الذي يعد خطوة هامة في تشجع الاستثمارات الخاصة الوطنية والعربية والأجنبية. الى ا

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The economic importance of diversifying income sources in Iraq, experiences of selected countries (Norway and Chile).
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The research dealt with a study of economic diversification indicators in Iraq and an indication of the extent to which economic diversification events are desirable in its sectors because desirable diversification events are truly the best means of targeting a fair distribution of income. The research included studying the experiences of selected countries for Norway and Chile, and studying economic indicators and policies for each of them in order to benefit From these two experiences, the research has concluded that the Iraqi economy suffers from a large concentration of the oil sector, which made the Iraqi economy unilateral in which oil represents 90% according to the Herfindel-Hirschman Index, either for Norway and Chile, i

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Islamic subject teacher and his role in Education
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Using the traditional methods in teaching Islamic subject have neglected student's role and focus mainly toward teacher. Thus, the role of student in teaching process would take a negative side: following these methods cannot achieve the educational objectives of Islamic subject. Teachers who give Islamic subject do not have a full knowledge of the appropriate techniques in teaching. They lack the scientific background that qualify them for teaching. The weakness of knowledge that face Islamic teachers have arisen over different stages of education which showed their lacking in the provision of intonation and interpretation of the Quran as well as the utterance of Prophet Mohammed Hadiths. It takes time to train teachers to do a

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of accounting responsibility in the success of the reform of financial and administrative / applied research in high School
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The reform process is a dynamic process going on, especially the administrative and financial reform, which contributes to the work and directing operations towards success and continuous development, which requires determining the validity and the responsibility and the rights and duties of all officials in the school settings (within the formations educational institutions) for the purpose of reducing the administrative and financial corruption, and then ensure management efficient and effective way by taking advantage of the physical, financial and human resources available to achieve the greatest benefit at the lowest cost to the fact that the follow-up performance on an ongoing basis in accordance with the specific of powers

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 07 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
centralization and decentralization in Iraq and its future prospects
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Centralization and decentralization, planning and development, and community participation in the management of its affairs and to activate all the abilities that multiple methods aimed at creating the proper environment for the growth and development of society in the place where he lives. As long as the overall trend in Iraq, represented by the Permanent Constitution of decentralization to regions and provinces, the solutions to the obstacles that may face this transition in some respects presents ways of coordination and integration between multiple levels of planning which can be exercised by the schematic in the future the organization. In this paper some of the visions and ideas that can  contribute to the organization

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 09 2022
Journal Name
مجلة كلية الاداب جامعة بغداد
Khadija Al-Hadith and her scientific role in Iraq
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Khadija Al-Hadithi was known for her love of the Arabic language. She was a distinguished and serious phenomenon in Arabic science and culture. She was born in Basra Governorate, one of the ancient and important cities in the history of Arabic grammar and one of the centers of the intellectual and scientific movement. The Basra Grammar School emerged there and made numerous achievements in the field of Arabic linguistics that remain an important source for students of the specialty.

Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The role of Rabi’a tribe in the history of Iraq in the rightly guided caliph’s period Prof. Dr.: The role of Rabi’a tribe in the history of Iraq in the rightly guided caliph’s period Prof. Dr.
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Abstract:
Rabi’a tribe lived on the land of Euphrates since the first century of the
Christ. Then that land becomes her homeland. The Persians tried many times
to drive her away from that land, but with out result.
In the course of time Rabi’a become more knowledgeable of Persia.
This tribe proved her love and sanctification to the land of Euphrates, in the
battle of Dhyqar.
Rabi’a converted to Islam quickly and helped the Muslims to conquer
Iraq with a big number of fighters in many battles like al- Qadisyyah. That
influenced the anger of Mudriat Arab tribes who were their old enemies.
Mudriat tribes did their efforts to reduce the importance of Rabi’a because of
some its branches were among of t

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Social Networks Sites in Prioritizing Political Reform among University Professors
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With the development of modern mass media and the prevalence of use continues to both researchers and practitioners their efforts to understand how the media affect Hzha on both the individual and the institutions, society and culture as a whole, which means that the need to develop models and theories explain and predict the effects of the use of such means, therefore, the study of modern technologies of communication and information as an area of ​​research has become mature to establish the intellectual base cohesive, but they are not mature enough, which calls for more research developments therefore become social networking sites online, (Facebook, and YouTube, and straining) known today as the new social media, which is witness

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The objective Effect of Internal and External Environment and its Psychological & Practical Reflection on the Political Decision-Making Process
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The objective Effect of Internal and External Environment and its Psychological & Practical Reflection on the Political Decision-Making Process

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Artificial intelligence in accounting education and its role in achieving sustainable development goals in the Kingdom of Bahrain/University of Applied Sciences as a model
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The research aims to show the relationship between artificial intelligence in accounting education and its role in achieving sustainable development goals in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The research dealt with the role of artificial intelligence applications in accounting education at the University of Applied Sciences as a model for Bahraini universities to achieve sustainable development goals. The application of artificial intelligence in accounting education achieves seven of the seventeen sustainable development goals. It also concludes that there is an artificial intelligence infrastructure in the Kingdom of Bahrain, as it occupies a leading regional position in digital transformation, as Bahrain ranks first in the Arab world i

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of Zakat in supporting and stimulating the flow of consumption and investment
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الزكاة فريضة من فرائض الإسلام وعبادة من العبادات التي اقرها الشرع الإسلامي هذه الفريضة المالية التعبدية بالإضافة الى دورها المعنوي الذي يهدف الى إرساء قواعد العدالة الاجتماعية والقضاء على مشكلة الفقر في المجتمع الاسلامي وكما ينص عليها الدين الإسلامي فان لها ابعادها ووظائفها الكثيرة التي تخدم اليات العمل الاقتصادي في مجتمع يعمل وفق نظام اقتصادي أسلامي .

ان انفاق الاموال المتحصلة من فريض

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