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Analysis of relations and forces of production in extraction And pearl industry in the Arabian Gulf 1900-1950 *
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بسبب محدودية الموارد الطبيعية، فأن سكان الخليج ومنذ القدم وجهوا جلّ نشاطاتهم توجهاً بحرياً: صيد الاسماك وصناعة اللؤلؤ العنصر الرئيس في حجم التشغيل، وتكوين الفائض الاقتصادي في المنطقة آنذاك.

لقد تزايدت أهمية هذا النشاط بخاصة بعد النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر، لرواج تجارة اللؤلؤ عالمياً، وأنفتاح الخليج على الدول الاوروبية التي شهدت نهضة صناعية متسارعة، وحيث وصلت الخليج العديد من بضائعها ذات الاسعار المناسبة والنوعية الافضل.

إن عدد العاملين في صناعتهِ لم يقل عن 20-25% من مجموع العاملين في المنطقة خلال الربع الاول من القرن العشرين ويبين لنا المؤرخ J.G.Lorimer إن عدد العاملين وصل الى حوالي 90 ألف شخص من سكان قدر مجموعه بـ 300 ألف نسمة وذلك في أواسط العقد الأول من القرن العشرين. وبالأضافة الى العمل المحلي هناك وافدون من أيران والهند وباكستان مع وافدين من شرق أفريقيا، أستُقدم العديد منهم كعبيد سخرهم مالكوهم للعمل في صناعة اللؤلؤ وذلك بالرغم من محاربة السلطات البريطانية آنذاك لأعمال القرصنة وتجارة العبيد في منطقة الخليج والمحيط الهندي.

تفصح التراتيب الوظيفية في صناعة اللؤلؤ عن وجود تسع فئات مُقسمة بدقة حسب نوع العمل الذي تقوم به كل فئة. والعنصران الفاعلان في العملية الانتاجية هما:-

التاجر "الممول": يُمول العاملين بسلف تصل فائدتها الى حوالي 25% على أساس الموسم الذي يستمر بين 4-5 أشهر. وغالباً ما يستحوذ على الجزء الاعظم من الارباح بطريقة أو بأخرى..

الغواص ومساعده: يُلاحظ هنا تناقضٌ واضح، فمن ناحية هما الحلقة الاهم والاخطر في العملية الانتاجية وحيث لا يملك الغواص الا قابلياته البدنية أثناء عملية الغوص؛ ومن ناحية أخرى هما من أكثر المتضررين مادياً وأجتماعياً وصحياً بين الاطراف الاجتماعية المشاركة في هذه الصناعة.

لم تعرف هذه المهنة نظاماً للأجور، بل كانت تعمل وفق طريقة "المحاصصة" ونادراً ما كان يحصل الغواصون ومساعدوهم على ما يسدون به سلفهم وديونهم السابقة مع فوائدها المتزايدة.

    النقطة المركزية: ان العاملين عادةً ما يبقون في دين مستديم، وهذا ما يخوّل الممول حسب العرف السائد آنذاك والذي هو بمثابة قانون مُلزم من الابقاء عليهم للعمل في المواسم اللاحقة.

    لقد تراجعت صناعة اللؤلؤ منذ أوائل ثلاثينيات القرن الماضي، أثر اجتياح اللؤلؤ" الرخيص" المستزرع في اليابان ومناطق أخرى من العالم. ومن حسن حظ المنطقة ان صادف ذلك البدايات الاولى للأكتشافات النفطية حيث انتقل العديد من العاملين فيها الى الصناعة النفطية الحديثة.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Spectral and Statistical Analysis of Cough Recordings Based on the Combination of SVD and DWT
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Healthcare professionals routinely use audio signals, generated by the human body, to help diagnose disease or assess its progression. With new technologies, it is now possible to collect human-generated sounds, such as coughing. Audio-based machine learning technologies can be adopted for automatic analysis of collected data. Valuable and rich information can be obtained from the cough signal and extracting effective characteristics from a finite duration time interval that changes as a function of time. This article presents a proposed approach to the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 through the processing of cough collected from patients suffering from the most common symptoms of this pandemic. The proposed method is based on adopt

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2016
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The conversations of reason and thinking as stated in the Sunnah and its impact on human behavior
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The Sunnah of the Prophet has a great impact in building human behavior, and the formation of Islamic thought, has worked to spread science in all of Egypt, as it carried to the people of the eternal prophecy of the love of science, it was a source of knowledge and civilization. It is a generous source, a rich source of the Islamic nation, always tender, and renewed benefit, which is not only a source of legislation and language but is a source of guidance for thought and guidance of behavior, and the Hadith The importance is obvious In the integration of Islam, and show aspects of human integration in the personality of Mustafa , and the Muslims are interested in talking - collected and codification -, and made the effort of the cent

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
 Assignment method in the Holy Quran and some of its applications in Surat Al-Anaam
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Research objective: This research aims to unveil how to use the method of referral in understanding the Holy Quran.
        The reason for choosing the research: The one that invited me to write on this topic is the importance of the referral method, so I liked the research in it, and unveiled this wonderful Qur’anic method, so that it helps to understand the intention of God Almighty in his dear book.
       The research plan: The research was divided into three topics and a conclusion.
   As for the first topic, it is divided into two requirements. The first requirement deals with the definition of referral language.
In the second re

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Possibility of applying international AACSB accreditation standards in the faculties of business and Economics- case study in the college of management and Economics-University of Baghdad
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Attention increased to the topic of academic accreditation by the university as a modern philosophy by which to improve its performance and provide high-quality education. Universities and colleges in general and Iraqi universities and colleges in particular have begun interest in accreditation and desire to get it. So starting from the pursuit of the Administration and Economics College / Baghdad University in obtaining accreditation of Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) The research is present which aims to determine the level of application (AACSB) International standards at the College of Administration and Economics / Baghdad University in preparation to get its accreditation in the future. Researc

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2017
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Agriculture And Veterinary Science
Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of Organic Selenium & Inorganic Selenium to Broiler Breeder Diet on Production Performance, Selenium Concentration in Plasma and Egg
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This study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station belong to state Board of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Abu Ghraib. The duration of this study was from 28 November 2013 to 15 May 2014 to evaluate the effect of supplementation different levels of organic selenium(Se-yeast) and inorganic selenium (Selenium selenite) on some productive performances of broiler breeder and selenium levels in plasma ,egg (yolk,albumin). The study included 336 female broiler breeder and 28 males (Ross 308 and arbor acres), 42 weeks old were randomly distributed to 7 dietary treatments experiment with 2 replicates / treatment (24 females and 2 male birds /replicate). The duration of the experiment was 24 weeks, and treatments were as the

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Negation marker in Standard Persian : a typological analysis based on Givon’s functional model: عامل نفی در زبان فارسی معیار: بررسی رده‌شناختی براساس مدل نقش‌ گرایی گیون
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 Abstract:

Typological analysis about  the negation marker  in different languages is one of the fields of research that has attracted much attention.  In Persian language, this constituent has been analysed from different aspects. This study aimed to analyse  different aspects of negation marker  in  the adjectives,  the noun phrases and  the verb phrases based on typological analysis.  Many studies have been revealed that  the negation in adjectives has shown lexically and morphologically. In the noun phrases, /hich/  has used as a negative marker necessarily marking the verb phrase as negative too. In the verb phrases, negation occurs morphologically by the addition of the prefix /n

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Developed Materials and Techniques and Its Role in Exposing the Aesthetic Of Art Work
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This study is targeting the new developed materials and techniques and how they were affected by the scientific and technological developments that contributed to revelated new and varied developed materials and techniques. And from the artist’s formulation by using the materials and techniques and through its embodiment and sensor the values, artistic and aesthetic standards by breaking from the familiar in aesthetic contemporary way.
The studies on questioning what’s the role of The New Developed Materials and Techniques in exposing the aesthetic of the art work?

This study is to show the aesthetic of the art work through the new developed materials and techniques. Which was based on descriptive analyzing method and hig

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 08 2024
Journal Name
Al-academy
Designing a module in light of cognitive learning theories and their impact on the achievement of students of the Department of Art Education and their motivation in learning the subject of aesthetics.
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This research aims to:
1 – Make a proposed module for (aesthetics) for the second stage - Department of Art Education under education theories.
2 - Verification from the effect of the proposed module on student achievement and motivation towards learning aesthetics material.
To verification the second goal we wording these two hypotheses:
1- There are no individual differences with statistically significant at level (0.05) between the student's scores average. (Experimental group ) who studied according to the proposed module and the average student's scores (control group) who studied in the usual way for the achievement test for the Aesthetics material.
2- There are no individual differences with statistically signifi

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Thefts in hospitals and the factors affecting themA case study in the Department of Health Baghdad - Rusafa
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Employee Stealing or internal theft is considered from the passive practices that can’t be denied or be hidden, In spite of the hospital privacy as a serving organization that works 24\7 and deleing with human lives, they weren’t infallible from that kind of practice. To prevent or reduce this practice, it was important to search for the organizational and behavioral factors influencing internal thefts. The study problem briefly is to reach the most organizational and behavioral factors influencing internal theft, in governmental hospitals in Baghdad Rusafa Health district, this was done by analyzing (20) administrative cases of thefts occurred in the District, also a sample of (60) specialist Doctor’s opinion work, in (3) hospital

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Leadership styles and their role in enhancing the intellectual capital Field research in the Ministry of Foreign
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This study has taken into consideration two vital variables (leadership, leadership styles and intellectual capital). The research aim through the relations between the leadership styles and intellectual capital, to building conceptual frame for the variables of study and exploring the nature of correlation relations between these variables and their effects in enhancing intellectual capital.

      The research was conducted at the Ministry of foreign in Iraq, and included a sample of leaders and subordinates amounted to (186), has been using the questionnaire as a key tool to collect data on the sample.

      For the dealing with

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