The majority of Arab EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners struggle with speaking English fluency. Iraqi students struggle to speak English confidently due to mispronunciation, grammatical errors, short and long pauses while speaking or feeling confused in normal conversations. Collaborative learning is crucial to enhance student’s speaking skills in the long run. This study aims to state the importance of collaborative learning as a teaching method to EFL learners in the meantime. In this quantitative and qualitative study, specific focus is taken on some of Barros’s views of collaborative learning as a teamwork and some of Pattanpichet’s speaking achievements under four categories: academic benefits, social benefits,

Destiny functional theory (DFT) calculations are undertaken in order to scrutinize the electrochemical and calcium (Ca) storage characteristics of a graphyne-like aluminum nitride monolayer (G-AlNyen) as an electrode material for Ca-ion batteries (CIBs). The results show that the change in internal energy as well as the cell voltage values for the CIB with the G-AlNyen anode are comparable to others with two-dimensional 2D nano-materials. It is shown that Ca is adsorbed primarily onto the center of a hexagonal and triangular ring of G-AlNyen with absorption energies of −2.06 and −0.42 eV. After increasing the concentration of Ca atoms on G-AlNyen, the adsorption energy as well as the cell voltage decreases. Lower values of 0.15–0.32 e

The Lamiaceae L. family grows and widely distributed in Iraq. The study aimed to enumerate the species that has been preserved in several botanical herbariums: National Herbarium of Iraq- Ministry of Agriculture (BAG), University of Baghdad Herbarium (BUH), Iraq Natural History Research Center& Museum- University of Baghdad Herbarium (BUNH), College of Agricultural Engineering- University of Baghdad Herbarium (BUG), College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- Duhok Province University Herbarium (DPUH) and College of Science - Salahddin University Herbarium (SUH). This family has not yet been registered in the Flora of Iraq. After examining more than 1000 herbarium specimens, the study found 139 species belonging to 33 genera h

This research aims to clarify the principles governing the exploration and utilization of outer space, emphasizing the role of international law, particularly international criminal law, in addressing crimes committed beyond Earth whether aboard spacecraft, the International Space Station, or in outer space generally. It examines relevant international treaties governing outer space activities, evaluates their strengths and ambiguities, and highlights deficiencies in their provisions. Furthermore, the study analyzes traditional principles of state criminal jurisdiction territoriality, nationality, universality, and protection and assesses their applicability to offenses committed in outer space.

1. S. Eliot is one of the important founders of the modernist movement in literature, a cutting-edge poet of the first order. After his 1927 conversion to Anglicanism, he began calling himself a conservative, royal, and a classicist.

"Ash Wednesday" is the first long poem written by him after his conversion. It deals with the struggle that ensues when one who has lacked faith acquires it. It is richly but ambiguously allusive, and deals with the aspiration to move from spiritual barrenness to hope for human salvation.

"Ash Wednesday" not only struggles with an approach to faith but with an approach to a language capable of expressing it. Eliot's style is different from that that predates his conve

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms . They are a large family of compounds synthesized by plants in addition to the bacteria, fungi, and animals,  they often have pharmacological effects. The aim of this study is to isolate and identified alkaloids in a newly studied, wild Iraqi plant named