This work focused on principle of higher order mode excitation using in- line Double Clad Multi-Mode Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (DC-MM-MZI). The DC-MM-MZI was designed with 50 cm etched MMF. The etching length is 5cm. The tenability of this interferometer was studied using opt grating ver.4.2.2 and optiwave
ver. 7 simulator. After removing (25, 35, 45, 55) μm from MMF and immersing this segment of MMF with water bath contained distilled water and ethanol, in addition to, air. Pulsed laser source  centered at 1546.7nm ,pulse width 10ns and peak power 1.33mW was propagated via this interferometer Maximum modes were obtained in case of air surrounded media which are 9800 and 25 um removed cladding layer, with peak power 49.800 m

Natural frequency under initial stresses for simply supported cross-ply composite laminated plates (E glass- fiber) are obtained using Refind theory (RPT). This theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strain through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. The governing equations for Eigen value problem under initial stress are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution for simply supported cross-ply symmetric and antisymmetric laminated plates. The effect of many design factors such as modulus ratio, thickness ratio and number of laminates on the Natural frequency and buckling stresses

The city of Ghana is one of the important commercial cities in the country of Sudan, as it was a major source of commercial exchanges, and a commercial mediator across the countries of the Maghreb and the metropolises of the countries of Sudan. Many, and most of them take the desert road,    Which traders had to endure the hardships of these roads from the insecurity, high winds and dust that sometimes destroyed the trade convoys, in order to obtain gold, which is one of the most important minerals that Ghana traded with various countries, in addition to the different goods that the merchants carried In particular, salt and its trade with Ghana, and also taxes, which were an important financial resource imposed by some gov

Moment invariants have wide applications in image recognition since they were proposed.

في هذا البحث، تم تنفيذ الطريقة الحسابية الفعالة (ECM) المستندة إلى متعددة الحدود القياسية الأحادية لحل مشكلة تدفق جيفري-هامل غير الخطية. علاوة على ذلك، تم تطوير واقتراح الطرق الحسابية الفعالة الجديدة في هذه الدراسة من خلال وظائف أساسية مناسبة وهي متعددات الحدود تشيبشيف، بيرنشتاين، ليجندر، هيرمت. يؤدي استخدام الدوال الأساسية إلى تحويل المسألة غير الخطية إلى نظام جبري غير خطي من المعادلات، والذي يتم حله بع

المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي " علاقة العوامل الحرجة لنقل المعرفة في فرص النجاح الاستراتيجي " إذ يحظى موضوعيّ نقل المعرفة والنجاح الاستراتيجي باهتمام متزايد لكونهما من الموضوعات المهمة والمعاصرة، والتي لها تأثير كبير على وجود المنظمات ومستقبلها. ويهدف البحث الى الوقوف على العوامل الحرجة لنقل المعرفة في بيئة التعليم الأهلي العالي والتي تُمكن ( الكليات الأهلية المبحوثة ) من تحقيق نجاحها الاستراتيجي وقد سعى الب

In the present study waste aluminium cans were recycled and converted to produce alumina catalyst. These cans contain more than 98% aluminum oxide in their structure and were successfully synthesized to produce nano sized gamma alumina under mild conditions. A comprehensive study was carried out in order to examine the effect of several important parameters on maximum yield of alumina that can be produced. These parameters were reactants mole ratios (1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5), sodium hydroxide concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 55%) and weights of aluminum cans (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g). The compositions of alumina solution were determined by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); and maximum yield of alumina solution was 96.3% obtain