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Nation-Building in The Fragile States: Iraq After 2003 as a Model
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The nation-building process in fragile states is complex, often involving multifaceted challenges and opportunities. A pertinent example is Iraq post-2003, which serves as a model to study the intricacies of rebuilding a nation in the aftermath of conflict. During this period, we witnessed a significant international intervention aimed at establishing democratic governance, fostering economic development, and restoring social stability. Iraq’s nation-building journey showcases both successes and shortcomings. Establishing a representative government marked a step towards inclusivity and political participation, yet sectarian tensions persisted, hindering cohesive national identity. Economic initiatives aimed to harness Iraq's oil resources for growth, but corruption and mismanagement posed obstacles. Moreover, building a unified social fabric proved arduous, as historical divisions necessitated reconciliation efforts.

The Iraqi model underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach encompassing political, economic, and social dimensions. Effective nation-building hinges on addressing the root causes of fragility, promoting institutional resilience, and fostering societal cohesion. International actors play a vital role through capacity-building, diplomacy, and aid coordination but must respect local agencies and avoid imposing top-down solutions.

In this article, we address the problem of nation-building in fragile states by reviewing and analyzing the challenges that face this process and the opportunities available to overcome those challenges, with the selection of Iraq after 2003 as a model for the study.

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Impact of Adequacy and Authoritative Evidences in the Audit Risks: An Exploratory Research for A Sample Views of Auditors in Iraq
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The Audit evedances represent the reconciliation tools between the Financial data shown on financial statements, and the level of satisfaction level of the Auditor about these statements. According that, the Auditor try to achieve the highest quantity of These evidances, and the most satisfactive of it…, but that will be so hard sometimes, when the internal controlling system is not good, and when the Auditor had some satisfied evidences, but not sharp… So, this research comes to inspect the relation between the quantity, and the level of satisfaction, and argument to prove that evidences gives. This research assumes that getting enough evidences leads to reduce faults, improves the auditing operation, and avoids risks. The research

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Comparative Study of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements Concentration in Milk Samples Consumed in Iraq
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The measurements of major and trace elements in different brands of milk powder selected from the Iraqis market via the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Technique have been studied in the present work. The result of the measurements reveals the high concentrations of sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Furthermore, low concentrations of aluminum, silicon, iron, bromine, molybdenum, iodine, barium, titanium, manganese, cobalt, chrome, nickel, copper, zinc and lead were detected. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and Kjeldahl technique were also employed to determine the concentrations of nitrogen. It was found that the nitrogen concentration was in the range of (1.96 - 3.23) % which is within the permissible li

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 05 2019
Journal Name
السياسية والدولية
دور التنشئة الاجتماعية في تعزيز قيم التسامح والتعايش: العراق انموذجا
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أصبحت التنشئة الاجتماعية السليمة من أكثر الأدوات في التصدي لأوبئـة العنف والتطرف ومظاهرها المتفشية بصورة أو بأخرى في مجتمعاتنـا المعاصـرة عامـة باختلاف أيديولوجياته الفكرية ومعتقداته الدينيـة ومسـتوى نموهـا الاقتصـادي، وأصبحت بأشكالها المتنوعة معنية بترسيخ التعاليم الدينيـة السـمحة وغـرس القـيم الديمقراطية السليمة ومبادئ وقيم حقوق الإنسان في شتى مجالات الحياة الإنسانية، وهي أيضا تعد حجر الأساس من اج

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 05 2019
Journal Name
المجلة السياسية والدولية
دور التنشئة الاجتماعية في تعزيز قيم التسامح والتعايش: العراق انموذجا
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أصبحت التنشئة الاجتماعية السليمة من أكثر الأدوات في التصدي لأوبئـة العنف والتطرف ومظاهرها المتفشية بصورة أو بأخرى في مجتمعاتنـا المعاصـرة عامـة باختلاف أيديولوجياته الفكرية ومعتقداته الدينيـة ومسـتوى نموهـا الاقتصـادي، وأصبحت بأشكالها المتنوعة معنية بترسيخ التعاليم الدينيـة السـمحة وغـرس القـيم الديمقراطية السليمة ومبادئ وقيم حقوق الإنسان في شتى مجالات الحياة الإنسانية، وهي أيضا تعد حجر الأساس من اج

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 21 2023
Journal Name
Pharmacia
A comparative study of oral diacerein and transdermal diacerein as Novasomal gel in a model of MIA induced Osteoarthritis in rats
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Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic pathology of the joints causing disability and morbidity. Diacerein is a disease-modifying agent indicated for osteoarthritis management with enhanced performance and have much lower side effects profile than conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Oral administration of Diacerein is associated with a laxative effect, thus causing treatment discontinuation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of Diacerein novasome-based transdermal gel compared with standard oral treatment in the management of induced osteoarthritis in a rat model. Materials and methods: A single intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate was administered to the left knee joint, resulting in the develop

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN PROVIDING FINANCIAL SUPPORT WOMEN IN IRAQ
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 This study dealt with the basics of financial inclusion in terms of concept, importance and objectives, The empowerment of women financially and bank,and then the relationship between financial inclusion and women, and determine the requirements of inclusion Financial resources for women. The analytical descriptive method was used for data, which included reviewing and analyzing information And data in economic and financial literature. The study: reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are Financial inclusion contributes to women's financial and banking support, as there is a positive relationship between financial institutions Banking and women's access to financial and banking services, thus playing a role i

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
THE REALITY OF THE AGRICULTURL SECTOR IN IRAQ AND CHALLENGES FACING THE FUTURE
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سعي المجتمع العراقي منذ أكثر من نصف قرن مضى لإعادة استثمار عشرات المليارات من الدولارات من الإيرادات النفطية في القطاع الزراعي وهياكله وبنياته التحية، كإنشاء السدود والخزانات المائية واستصلاح الأراضي والمشاريع الإنتاجية الحيوانية والنباتية وبطاقات كادت تقترب او تتجاوز حاجز طلب السكان من الأغذية والمنتوجات الزراعية التي تغذي الصناعة الا ان الزيادة السكانية وتحسن مستوى الدخل النفطي شكلا انتقالا جدي

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 22 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Media separation: The Relationship of Arab Immigrants with the Media of the Countries of Diaspora (Sweden as a model) (A Research Derived from PhD Dissertation)
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The research seeks to study the subject (Media separation: the Relationship of Arab Immigrants with the Media of the Countries of Diaspora/ Sweden as a model). Where this phenomenon, "problem" has not been subjected to an in-depth study to find out the causes of this media separation and its repercussions on the immigrant, whether in the problem of integration, or his opportunity to work, or adapt to live in the new society.

Separation is a kind of word that is rarely used in Arabic media studies, relevant, sometimes, to the meaning of “refraining from watching TV or listening to the radio or reading newspapers”. Sometimes, it means “not tuning to or using any form of media like radios or newspapers to be updated about what

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Res Militaris
Deterritorialized States Within the Framework of Public International Law
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one of the most important consequences of climate change is the rise in sea levels, which leads to the drowning of some low-lying island states, which leads to them losing the elements of statehood and thus affecting their status as a state, this resulted in several proposals made by the jurisprudence of international law to solve this issue, perhaps the most important of which is the idea of the government in exile, and the proposal to continue recognition of submerged countries, in a way that makes it possible to talk about a new concept of states represented by deterritorialized states, all of which are ultimately proposals that contain great difficulties that hinder their implementation in reality.

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Publication Date
Fri May 11 2018
Journal Name
War, Experience And Memory In Global Cultures Since 1914
The Iraqi Prose Poem as a Legacy of the Experience of the 1980s Iraq–Iran War
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The essay investigates the rise and development of the prose poem form in Iraqi poetry in the period during and after the 1980s Iraq–Iran war. The essay follows the legacy of Western experiments with form following the First World War and their impact on the development of form in Iraqi poetry culminating in the prose poem. The dominance of this form on poetic development in this period has a close relationship with the experience of warfare and the ensuing of the cultural changes in Iraq after 1980. Poets of the 1980s war used poetic form as a means of dissent. The prose poem became for them an inherently subversive form that reflected their disaffection with the political, cultural, and literary conflicts of the time. The prose poem in

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