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Politeness: A Socio- Pragmatic Study
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The most influential theory of ‘Politeness’ was formulated in 1978 and revised in 1987 by Brown and Levinson. ‘Politeness’, which represents the interlocutors’ desire to be pleasant to each other through a positive manner of addressing, was claimed to be a universal phenomenon. The gist of the theory is the intention to mitigate ‘Face’ threats carried by certain ‘Face’ threatening acts towards others.

            ‘Politeness Theory’ is based on the concept that interlocutors have ‘Face’ (i.e., self and public – image) which they consciously project, try to protect and to preserve. The theory holds that various politeness strategies are used to protect the ‘Face’ of others when addressing them.

            This theory proposes that there is a positive and a negative ‘Face’. The former reflects the desire to be approved by others, while the latter avoids being imposed on. Therefore, the use of the proposed ‘Politeness Strategies’ differ according to ‘Face’.

            However, neither the ‘Face’ is a set phenomenon nor the strategies are applicable to all cultures, since culture – bound aspects may vary. These indicate  shortcomings in the theory, since the ‘Face’ acceptability vary from one person to another and social relations, attitudes, conduct, and their remedies may vary from one culture to another.     

            The paper is formed of five sections. Section one covers the notion and theories of politeness. Section Two deals with Politeness Strategies. Section three is devoted to Speech Acts as related to ‘Politeness’. Section Four tackles stylistic varieties as related to ‘Politeness’. Section Five tackles the shortcomings of the theory and draws a comparison between politeness and Impoliteness, reviewing models of Impoliteness to clarify the difference in the strategies used.

            The paper ends with the conclusions, followed by the bibliography.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the impact of internal control on tax performance using balanced score card indicators: An applied research in a sample of the branches of the General Tax Authority in Iraq
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This research dealt with the impact of internal control on tax performance using balanced scorecard indicators because of its special importance in improving tax performance and reform. The internal control system is a safety valve for senior management in all organizations, it plays an important role in the regularity and development of work and the fight against corruption To provide reliable and accurate data and information, follow up on compliance with laws, regulations and instructions. The aim of this research is to demonstrate how control affects tax performance and how to adapt internal control components to improve tax performance. In the General Authority for taxes and its branches,. The research resulted in a number of conclu

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 27 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Assessing the reliability of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a marker for diabetic nephropathy prediction in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of ACE inhibitors on its level
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Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 26 2022
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
قيود الختام او حرود المتن دراسة تطبيقية بالاستناد على نماذج مختارة من المخطوطات الاسلامية من القرن(10-13هـ/ 16-19م) في المكتبة المركزية بأربيل:
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     Islamic manuscripts are considered an identity for the civilizational, cognitive and cultural development of nations and the Islamic world as a whole, and to identify this identity, the closing statement usually written at the end of the manuscript helps us with this, meaning that the closing entries serve as the identity document of the manuscript

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
دور تطبيق معيار الايرادات من العقود المبرمة مع الزبائن (IFRS 15) في أستدامة الارباح في قطاع الاتصالات: دراسة تطبيقية في شركة كورك تيليكوم للاتصالات
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The telecom sector seeks to provide its services to customers in various categories, especially in mobile services, which contributed to the spread of a large number of these companies in the local environment, and mobile operators in this sector to diversify sources of revenue through a series of packages designed specifically to suit The various needs of customers throughout Iraq and the sustainability of their profits, and in view of the lack of requirements for recognition of revenue from the provision of such services in accordance with the unified accounting system applied in that sector, this study aimed to clarify the five steps to recognition of revenue according to me (The contract was concluded with a customer) at Cork Telecom

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
مدى ملائمة خصائص العمل البيئية لتخطيط وتصميم مساحات المصنع دراسة ميدانية في الشركة العامة للصناعات الإنشائية (مصنع الأنابيب البلاستيكية) والجلدية (مصنع الدباغة) في الزعفرانية
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 The Problem of the research  is Limited with the ambguity of environmental work Characterstics role and among them the natural Working Conditions: Temproture, Lighting, Noise, Colours,and Smells, in the Decisions that rule the Planning and Designing work of the industrial Location and it 's targets are Limited with discovering the effect of environmental work Characterstics in planning and designing the industrial Companies and to reach to the most important properties that distinguish the industrial Location Within the frame of dealing with the nature Conditions in the dry, hot regions and the dfining of the relationship between them on the assumption that the Characterstics of environmental work have agreat effect in

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Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Jan 23 2023
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
قيود الختام او حرود المتن دراسة تطبيقية بالاستناد على نماذج مختارة من المخطوطات الاسلامية من القرن(10-13هـ/ 16-19م) في المكتبة المركزية بأربيل:
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     Islamic manuscripts are considered an identity for the civilizational, cognitive and cultural development of nations and the Islamic world as a whole, and to identify this identity

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The mediating effect of organizational innovation climate on enhancing the relationship between talent development practices and organizational performance
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The current, research, aims, to, verify, the relationship between talent development practices and organizational performance through a mediating role of creative organizational climate at the Institution of Industrial Development and Research- the Iraqi Industry Ministry. The descriptive and analytic approach was adopted as a research design. The research sample was represented by a number of managers and employees who work at the middle management level. The researchers used the questionnaire as the main method for collecting data to achieve the main research objective. It was distributed 162 questionnaires, of which 146 received; and then all of those were used on the final statistical analysis. The sample response-rate rate w

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the Effect of Curcumin (Standard & Supplements) and Zinc on the Concentrations of Glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone in PCOS-Model Rats
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The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of curcumin in both formulas (supplement and standard), zinc, and then use them together to show their effect on the levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in the model of female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using 1mg/kg/day of letrozole for 21 days followed by a treatment period of 14 days including different treatments of zinc 30 mg/kg, curcumin standard 200 mg/kg, curcumin supplement 200 mg/kg, (curcumin standard plus zinc), (curcumin Supplement plus zinc) and metformin as a standard treatment. After the treatment, all female rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava

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Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF S and U shape offset studying of the refractive index sensor based on coreless fiber: Aya R. Mejble* Hanan J.Taher
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Abstract:  Two different shapes of offset optical fiber was studied based on coreless fiber for refractive index (RI)/concentration (con.) measurement, and compare them. These shapes are U and S-shapes, both shapes structures were formed by one segment of coreless fiber (CF) was joined between two single mode (SMF) lead in /lead out with the same displacement (12.268µm) at both sides, the results shows the high sensitive was achieved in a novel S-shape equal 98.768nm/RIU, to our knowledge, no one has ever mentioned or experienced it, it’s the best shape rather than the U-shape which equal 85.628nm/RIU. In this research, it was proved that the offset form has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the sensor. Addi

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 09 2025
Journal Name
Sciences Journal Of Physical Education
Using two types of electronic questions by applying the Quiz Creator program in the method of guided discovery and its effect on learning and maintaining a motor chain on the throat
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