Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-81
Politeness: A Socio- Pragmatic Study
...Show More Authors

The most influential theory of ‘Politeness’ was formulated in 1978 and revised in 1987 by Brown and Levinson. ‘Politeness’, which represents the interlocutors’ desire to be pleasant to each other through a positive manner of addressing, was claimed to be a universal phenomenon. The gist of the theory is the intention to mitigate ‘Face’ threats carried by certain ‘Face’ threatening acts towards others.

            ‘Politeness Theory’ is based on the concept that interlocutors have ‘Face’ (i.e., self and public – image) which they consciously project, try to protect and to preserve. The theory holds that various politeness strategies are used to protect the ‘Face’ of others when addressing them.

            This theory proposes that there is a positive and a negative ‘Face’. The former reflects the desire to be approved by others, while the latter avoids being imposed on. Therefore, the use of the proposed ‘Politeness Strategies’ differ according to ‘Face’.

            However, neither the ‘Face’ is a set phenomenon nor the strategies are applicable to all cultures, since culture – bound aspects may vary. These indicate  shortcomings in the theory, since the ‘Face’ acceptability vary from one person to another and social relations, attitudes, conduct, and their remedies may vary from one culture to another.     

            The paper is formed of five sections. Section one covers the notion and theories of politeness. Section Two deals with Politeness Strategies. Section three is devoted to Speech Acts as related to ‘Politeness’. Section Four tackles stylistic varieties as related to ‘Politeness’. Section Five tackles the shortcomings of the theory and draws a comparison between politeness and Impoliteness, reviewing models of Impoliteness to clarify the difference in the strategies used.

            The paper ends with the conclusions, followed by the bibliography.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE ROLE FEDERAL BOARD OF SUPREME AUDIT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTOSAI STANDARDS: THE ROLE FEDERAL BOARD OF SUPREME AUDIT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTOSAI STANDARDS
...Show More Authors

The worsening of environmental problems has led to them being addressed by many entities, the most important of which are the top regulators. Federal Board of supreme audit Office is one of the most important regulators in Iraq. The problem of the research was the fundamental question of the extent to which the Federal Financial Supervisory Office was committed to implementing and exercising environmental control over the audited ones. The refore, the research was based on the main objective of questioning the role of the Federal Financial Supervisory Office in the exercise of environmental control and the compliance of those under its control, by identifying the antosai standards for environmental control, particularly the stand

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
مجلة علوم الرياضة
دراسة عاملية للأدلة والقوة العضلية والسرعة لعدائي(110) متر حواجز بحث مسحي على عدائي 110 متر حواجز
...Show More Authors

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Cytogenetic Investigations and Y-Chromosome Microdeletion Screening in some Infertile Kurdish males In Erbil province/ Iraq
...Show More Authors

Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anoma

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (1)
Crossref (1)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Oct 15 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
رؤساء رؤساء النصارى في كتاب أخبار بطاركة كرسي المشرق (132- 542هـ/ 749- 1147م) دراسة تاريخية (القسم الثاني)
...Show More Authors

The research deals with the Presidents of the Christians who called themselves (Ghaltka) in the book titled (orient chirsy patriarchs) that talked about their scientific practical biography adding to) that their completeness on the position of Ghaltka with its decrees and caliphs who were contemporaries to them ,as well as their places, deaths, cemeteries and their accomplishments In accordance with the powers granted to them and also it mentions the situation of The Abbasid caliphate with them and with the sons of their sect .

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
مجلة الدراسات الاقتصادية والادارية
تزامن تكاليف الجودة وتصميم العملية لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية: دراسة تطبيقية في الشركة العامة للمنتوجات الغذائية- مصنع المامون
...Show More Authors

يهدف البحث الى تطبيق تزامن تصميم عملية انتاج معجون الاسنان في مصنع المامون التابع للشركة العامة للمنتوجات الغذائية مع نظام تكاليف الجودة المطبق في الشركة لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية. وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في أن الشركة عينة البحث لا تستخدم نظام تكاليف الجودة بالتزامن مع تصميم عملية إنتاج هذا المنتج لاغراض تحقيق الميزة التنافسية حيث تواجه منتجات الشركة منافسة عالية في الاسواق المحلية. إن الشركة تطبق نظام تكاليف الج

... Show More
Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2009
Journal Name
مجلة كلية الاداب جامعة بغداد
العلاقات العامة وادارة الازمات في المؤسسات الصحية دراسة مسحية لبرامج وزارة الصحة الخاصة بمرض الكوليرا لسنة 2008
...Show More Authors

تواجه المؤسسات المختلفة تحديات كثيره تختلف نوعيتها باختلاف توجهات المؤسسه سياسيه او اقتصادية او اجتماعيه ... مما يشكل تهديدا لوجود المؤسسة وسمعتها وبخاصه عند تحول تلك التحديات الى ازمات يجب على المؤسسه التعامل معها والسيطره عليها واحتوائها وهنا ياتي دور ادارة العلاقات العامه في المؤسسه المعنيه للعمل والقيام باعداد برامج خاصه بالتعامل مع الازمات وهو مايعرف ببرامج اداره الازمات . وبطبيعة الحال تختلف عملية

... Show More
Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
شعر الاحتضار حتّى نھایة العصر العباسي الأول ( ٣٣٤ ھ) دراسة في شعر اللحظات الأخیرة في حیاة الشعراء
...Show More Authors

Dying poetry ,last felt the man to say apriorior improvisation during entry in to the
context of the death while going through it, or distracted by the death , before the soul went
out the duration of a brief may not exceed the minutes , with out pious or pen or vain , may
have been exercised in his daily life, compelled or for the benefit.
The discussion dealt with the meaning of dying, then presented its article with three
topics;
First; What was said in accepting the death.
Second; what was said in the reguest fo death.
Third; what was said to ignore the death.
This lesson as well as poetry style andcream and the imeanings and ideas and nages and
rhetorical rhythm. To achieve this, adopted solid sources a

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
اعتماد منهج ال Six Sigma كالية لتحسين جودة اداء السلطة الضريبية: دراسة حالة في الهيئة العامة للضرائب
...Show More Authors

This research aims to improve the process Tax accounting by using the scientific method to such as Six Sigma DMAIC steps called in General. Authority for Tax accounting . this approach has been described Tax accounting process Fully and identify problems experienced by the measurement and analysis and identify the critical success factors to satisfy customers and adoption process redesign Tax accounting process with the possibility of obtaining a high-quality revenue to be used by the body to improve its performance . Collected data and information from interviews with officials, staff and see the details & the conduct & operations in the body, and used well as a questionnair to measure the quality & services present action b

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
PERSPECTIVE METHODS AND DIRECTIONS IN STUDYING THE LANGUAGE OF RUSSIAN FOLKLORE: ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МЕТОДИКИ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ЯЗЫКА РУССКОГО ФОЛЬКЛОРА
...Show More Authors

The paper deals with the language of Russian folklore. Folklore is a unique sphere of existence of the language, the most vivid expression of the national mentality. The folklore word embodied the perception and evaluation of the surrounding world. “What did the word in general mean for the life of the people? The word was equated ... with life itself. The word generated and explained life, it was ... the keeper of memory and the guarantee of the infinity of the future. The folklore text is studied by literary critics, ethnographers, historians, culturologists, and art historians. In the twentieth century, a new science emerged - linguo-folkloristics, the goals and objectives of which were formulated by A.T. Khrolenko only in the seven

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Nov 24 2022
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم المالية والمحاسبية
التمويل الأخضر وتأثيره في الأداء المالي للمصارف – دراسة حالة لمصرفي الزراعي والتعمير الصينيين وامكانية تطبيقه في العراق
...Show More Authors

يهدف البحث الى دراسة وتحليل التمويل الأخضر كأحد المفاهيم الاساسية والحديثة في عالم الاعمال والاقتصاد العالمي وخاصة بعد الازمات والتحديات التي توالت على العالم نتيجة الكوارث الطبيعة وتغييرات المناخ والضغوطات على الموارد الطبيعية والتي أدت الى احداث اثرا كبيرا في اقتصاديات الكثير من الدول ، مما اضطرت الى إعادة النظر في مشاريعها وانشطتها الاستثمارية بما يوائم وطبيعة البيئة ومتغيراتها ، لذا تحتم اختيار لمثل

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF