In this work, the effect of ceramic coating on performance, exhaust gas temperature and gases emissions of diesel engine operated on diesel fuel and biodiesel blends was investigated. A conventional four stroke, direct injected, single cylinder, diesel engine was tested at constant speed and at different load conditions using diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The inlet and exhaust valves, the head of piston and cylinder head of the engine were coated by ceramic materials. Ceramic layers were made of (210-240) μm of Al2O3 and (30-60) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat for inlet and exhaust valves and (350-400) μm of YSZ and (50-100) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat for head of piston and (280-320) μm of Sic and (40-80) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a b

Background: Restoration of root canal treated teeth with a permanent restoration affect in the success of endodontically treated teeth. This in vitro study was performed to evaluate and compare the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth restored by using custom made zirconium posts and cores, prefabricated carbon fiber, glass fiber and zirconium ceramic posts. Materials and method: Forty intact human mandibular second premolars were collected for this study and were divided into five groups. Each group contains 8 specimens: Group1: Teeth restored with Carbon Fiber Posts; Group2: Teeth restored with Glass Fiber Posts; Group3: Teeth restored with Zirconium Ceramic prefabricated Posts; Group4: Teeth restored with Zirconium Posts

The term of ability (Al qoudra) is of the common terms which used by speech scientists to relate to one of the important verbal issues which called “Fate and destiny”. the issues of fate and destiny has been raised by Muslims since the dawn of Islam and It was researched among speech scientists, there are many opinions about this issues as the man can do or leave anything or he forced to do something that mean he hasn’t ability.

Also the term was used by jurists and they mention to the ability conditions (Assigning the Divine) and when this conditions are not available that means the man is not commissioning, the conditions are Mind, puberty and other conditions which mentioned in the books of jurisp

Comparative studies are, in a sense, a study of cultural identity in a broader and deeper way, as self-knowledge is in part an awareness of the other. Therefore, every study that falls within the scope of comparative literature is a study of the authentic human identity that is open to the other without distorting the individual self or cancellation of social, environmental or national affiliation.

      Modern comparative studies seek to go beyond the unilateral perspective of knowledge, which often leads its holders to condescend to all that may be the characteristics of the other. They strengthen the human ties between societies that differ in their culture, literature, and language, esp

Research summary

This research discloses the study of the methodology of one of the notables of the followers, which is: (Abi Mijlis Al-Basri), who had a clear impact on many commentators after him, especially in the field of interpretation by impact. This study included two topics:

The first: his biography and scientific

The second: his methodology in the traditional interpretation.

Andalusian literature is a literature in itself that is influenced and influenced, and it did not come out of thin air. Muslim Arabs came from the East to this country for jihad and a desire to live, and they carried with them their beliefs, customs and traditions. They must blend in the new element and its environment, so interference, fusion, diversity and influence actually took place.
It seems to us that the Arabs in the era of the governors in Andalusia (92-138 AH) strived hard to preserve everything that is Eastern. Literature is an oriental model in the content of prose and poetry, but in the era of the Umayyad emirate, we will notice that the environment, the development of ages, and the mixing of civilizations have an effect

The research aims to shed light on the nature of the tax gap in the income tax by the method of direct deduction and its reflection on the financial objective of the tax, and to determine the reasons for this gap in the deduction between the tax due in accordance with the laws and instructions in force and the tax actually paid. The tax gap is a real problem that cannot be ignored for what it represents loss of financial revenues due to the state.

The research problem is represented in the existence of a gap between the tax due according to direct deduction instructions and the tax actually paid according to the financial statements, and to achieve the objectives of the research and test the hypotheses, t

New derivative molecular absorption spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Al (III) , Mn (II) , individually and binary mixtures . The aim of this model of study is to obtain analytical results characterized by adequate standard of analytical figures of merits through application of derivative Spectrophotometry (dnA/d?n). The two metals acetyl acetonates are chemically stable and are widely used as catalysts . Where Interferences are probable due to very close or nearby peaks or Summits, the Zero – Crossing derivative measurement technique is used to avoid interfering effects between two metals pairs.

The present study aims to investigate the long-term histopathological, and physiological effects of different concentrations of a commercially available energy drink (Tiger) on liver and kidney of young mice. Sixteen Balb/c male mice,6 -week old, were divided into 4 groups (n=4). Two groups consumed the energy drink at a concentration of 28µl energy drink/ml water. One group were killed after 10 days (T1), another group were killed after 20 days (T2). Other group of mice consumed the energy drink at a final concentration of 14µl/ml for 20 days (T3). The last group was provided only with water and served as control. Mice of all groups drank around 3 ml per day. The histopathological study on liver of treated groups showed many changes s

   The aim of this research is to identify the Andalusia  poet  Abu Izac Al-Zauali , whose  most of his poetry and biography had been lost, as well as many Andalusia  poets. So this research is hoped to be the first step to shed the light on the poet’s life and poetry  and to document his poetry as other  writers do. It is also hoped that this research would pave the way , God willing , to the steps of finding more references about this poet .

Key Words: (Al-Zauali, Cordoba, Al-Ruaini choices, Andalusia Poetry , Almuahdi Era).