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The Challenges of Translation from Persian to Arabic In Light of the Equivalence Theory of Mona Baker; Equivalence at the Word Level
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This dissertation studies the application of equivalence theory developed by Mona Baker in translating Persian to Arabic. Among various translation methodologies, Mona Baker’s bottom-up equivalency approach is unique in several ways. Baker’s translation approach is a multistep process. It starts with studying the smallest linguistic unit, “the word”, and then evolves above the level of words leading to the translation of the entire text. Equivalence at the word level, i.e., word for word method, is the core point of Baker’s approach.

This study evaluates the use of Baker’s approach in translation from Persian to Arabic, mainly because finding the correct equivalence is a major challenge in this translation. Additionally, Persian and Arabic languages are closely related. More than 60% of the Persian vocabulary is derived from Arabic roots. We applied Baker’s approach to the translation process by translating words contained in the source texts in this work. We have followed the structures that were developed by Baker in this process. After presenting the results from the vocabulary translation, we introduced the problems that arise from using Baker’s method. Finally, we provided a very detailed discussion and data analysis on the use of Baker’s approach for the Persian-to Arabic translation.

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The use of technology review and evaluate programs PERT to improve the cost method on the basis of activity: بحث تطبيقي في الشركة العامة للصناعات النسيجية /واسط
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Suffer most of the industrial sector companies from high Kperfi magnitude of the costs of industrial indirect, lack of equitable distribution of these costs on the objectives of cost, increased competition, and the lack of proper planning in line and changes faced by the industrial sector (general) and sample (private), as well as the difficulty in re- directing efforts to improve profitability and in-depth analysis of activities, and to identify untapped resource activities, then link these activities to the final products  The research aims to apply the technology review and evaluate programs with the method (ABC) through the application stages of planning, scheduling and control and a comparison to get to the products of dev

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 08 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The reality of technological leadership in youth and sports directorates in the southern region from the point of view of employees
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of the performance of private hospitals from the point of view of the beneficiaries (A field Study in the private Sector hospitals in Baghdad)
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Objectives: This Paper is an attempt to evaluate the services provided by the private hospitals
and to identify the strength and weakness in
their performance The results can be utilized in stating conclusion and recommendations to improve
and activate the role of private medical sector in society .
Methodology: A questionnaire has be designed for this purpose and distributed to ( 132 ) beneficiaries
mostly from Baghdad private hospitals .
Results: The paper has come out with many important results . Among These are the following :
* these who benefit from services provided by private hospitals believe that the good performance of
such hospital is not due to the medical services alone but also to scientific aspect

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Adopting statistical methods for controlling the quality of drinking water to achieve customer satisfaction
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The current research aims to adopt production quality decisions as the most important decisions , because they are accompanied by customer satisfaction through monitoring the quality of drinking water in iraq which reach through the pipeline network associated with water treatment projects of Tigris and Euphrates rivers. One of the indicators of quality control was the drawing of the C-chart by specifying the central line and the upper and lower limit of the control and the diagnosis of whether the production system as a whole within the scope of quality control or not and determine the strength and significance of the correlation between the quantities of water And actual needs for customers , the research has reached a number o

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 09 2018
Journal Name
اتحاد الاحصائيين العربوقائع المؤتمر الدولي العلمي السادس لاتحاد الاحصائيين العرب
The Use of Markov Chain to reveal the reality of non- oil econ0miv indicators in Iraq
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The research mainly seeks to predict the amounts of non- oil Iraqi exports which concludes ) Food & Animals , Raw materials and non- tanned Leather and fur , Mineral fuels and Lubricating Oil , Chemical substances and amounts , Manufactured goods , Electrical and non - electrical machines , Supplies and Total non- Oil exports ) by using Markov Chain as one of Statistical approach to forecasting in future . In this search We estimate the transliteration probabilities matrix according to Maximum Likelihood on a data collected from central organization for Statistics and information technology represents an index numbers of non- Oil exports amount in Iraq from 2004 to 2015 depending on 2007 as a basic year . Results shown that trend of index

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Publication Date
Tue May 09 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
TIME MANAGEMENT AND WORK PRESSURE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP/ A CASE STUDY AT THE HIGHER INSTITUTE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SECURITY AND ADMINISRATIVE: TIME MANAGEMENT AND WORK PRESSURE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP/ A CASE STUDY AT THE HIGHER INSTITUTE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SECURITY AND ADMINISRATIVE
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The research aims to determine the strength of the relationship between time management and work pressure and administrative leadership, where he was taken a sample of (47) of the administrative leadership at the Higher Institute of security and administrative development in the Ministry of Interior was used questionnaire as a key tool in collecting data and information and analyzed the answers to the sample surveyed by using Statistical program (spss) in the arithmetic mean of the calculation and test (t) and the correlation coefficient, the research found the most important results: the existence of significant moral positive relationship between both time management and work pressure and administrative leadership, the leadership of th

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Role of Social Work in Reducing the Phenomenon of Fanaticism: حسن فاضل جواد
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The present study is concerned with the concept of ethics academically. It aims to investigate the major problems that contemporary Iraqi society suffers from; on top of which is the problem of sectarian and religious intolerance. Such a problem has a major role in the emergence of extremism and terrorism. It further destabilizes the security and stability of the country, exposing, as a result, the lives of citizens to the danger of genocide, disintegrating the social structure, stopping the wheel of development, rampant corruption, and deteriorating the political, social, moral and economic situation. Here comes the role of social work as governmental institutions and civil society organizations in curbing this reprehensible phenomenon

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 08 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Public Relations in Observing Media Publishing During International Conferences: (Arab Summit 2012 as a Model)
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This study aims to identify the issue of observing media publishing and its importance for public relations in the management of special events; and its role in building the positive image of the target audience through communication messages that illustrate the political, economic and diplomatic importance of the Arab Summit. As such Summit is one of the conferences that Iraq sought to secure the requirements of its convening to re-activate its political and diplomatic role in the Arab Ocean, especially after the circumstances and crises that Iraq went through.

The convening of the Arab Summit under the auspices of Iraq was a qualitative transition, during which Iraq sought to achieve some gains b

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
The contribution of the arts to interdisciplinary sciences: Art Therapy
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The history of the arts is closely connected with the history of humankind, since it is impossible to separate our scientific and artistic advances’. Therefore, the current research focuses on the close bond between art and other disciplines. The connection of the arts to the sciences is unequivocal and undisputed; the contributions of artists to the various scientific domains are clear. If one scrutinises the ability of artists to participate in building societies, one will find that the arts have penetrated deeply into a range of products and inventions, starting with the pencil and ending with the missile. The artist’s contributions play a part in the minutest of details across all fields of industry: production, craftsmanship, me

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the cost of consulting services under the traditional cost approach and the performance-based costing technique and its impact on achieving profits : Applied research in the advisory office of Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering - University of Baghdad
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Abstract:

                    This research aims to apply the Performance Focused Activity Based Costing System in the consultant office of Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering at the University of Technology for the purpose of measuring the cost of consulting services provided by these offices in order to reduce costs and their reflection in achieving profits. For the purpose of calculating costs accurately, and to test the hypothesis of the research, the research was applied in the office of the consultant of the College of Engineering Al-Khwarizm - University of Baghdad through the financial statement

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