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Pragmatic Presupposition: An ExtraLinguisitic Concept
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Presupposition, which indicates a prior assumption, is a vital notion in both semantic and pragmatic disciplines. It refers to assumptions implicitly made by interlocutors, which are necessary for the correct interpretation of an utterance. Although there is a general agreement that presupposition is a universal property of Language, there are various propositions concerning its nature. However, this research work proposes that presupposition is a contextual term, thus, is more pragmatic than semantic in its nature.Although Semantics and Pragmatics are two distinct disciplines, they are interrelated and complementary to each other, since meaning proper involves both, and since there is no clear borderline between the two disciplines. However, due to the limitations of the research paper, presupposition is dealt with as a contextual notion, thus pragmatically.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The Effect of Melatonin on Body Weight and the Potential use of Melatonin as an Anti-Obesity Agent
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Background: obesity is a major global health problem with more than 200 million obese men and almost 300 million obese women. Melatonin is a well-known molecule for its involvement in circadian rhythm regulation and has multiple pathological actions including control of appetite, sleep wake cycle and metabolic syndrome.

Aim: to estimate the effect of melatonin supplements on obese patients on a calorie restricted diet in comparison to patients on lifestyle measures only in the form of weight loss, waist circumference and sleep quality.

Subjects and Method: one hundred patients with body mass index > 24 were collected, fifty patients were starte

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Results In Chemistry
Interfacial polymerization synthesis of polypyrrole and sodium metavanadate (PPy/NaVO3) composite as an excellent performance electrode for supercapacitors
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Herein, the interfacial polymerization method has been used for the synthesis of PPy/NaVO3 composites with different compositions of NaVO3 (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 %) as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. The successful formation and composition of the as-prepared composites (PV1-PV5) were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM analysis. The electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanometric charge–discharge measurement (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. As compared to other, the PV4 composite exhibit excellent specific capacitance of 391 F g−1 at a current density of 0.75 A/g with good cycling stability of ∼59 % after 1000 cycle

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 19 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Pharmacological Effects of Kappa Carrageenan on Different Human Cell Lines and Genomic DNA: An in vitro study
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Carrageenan extract is a compound of sulfated polyglycan that is taken out from red seaweeds. Being hydrocolloid in nature, carrageenan has gelling, emulsifying and thickening properties allowing it to be commonly used in the oral healthcare products and cosmetics. Due to its bioactive compounds, carrageenan has been shown to have antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor properties. The purpose of this work is to study the probable use of carrageenan on the diseases that are related to oral cavity and on the genomic DNA in in vitro experimental model

In this study, the effects of k-carrageenan on four different cell lines related to the cancer and normal cells which cultured on selective media were done. Moreover, the eff

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ATTITUDE OF OFFICIALS IN THE INDUSTRIAL COMPANY TOWARDS THE PRACTICE OF REVERSE/ AN APPLIED STUDY IN BAGHDAD COMPANY FOR SOFT DRINKS.: ATTITUDE OF OFFICIALS IN THE INDUSTRIAL COMPANY TOWARDS THE PRACTICE OF REVERSE/ AN APPLIED STUDY IN BAGHDAD COMPANY FOR SOFT DRINKS.
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This paper deals with the subject of demarcating as appropriate scientific techniques to rationalize consumption and to control segments of the society for the technical conduct of its handling of the product depending on the mix of elements (product and the volume of demand, Price, promotion and distribution), but inverse manner designed to adjust the working condition of balance between supply and demand and to ensure that rates continue in the marketing process properly, and therefore the research aims to shed light on some of the practices that reflect the Demarketing techniques, As well as the statement of the reality of attitudes towards the practice of those techniques through a sample survey of officials in Baghdad company for so

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design and Implementation of a Generalized N-Digit Binary-To-Decimal Converter on an FPGA Seven-Segment Display Using Verilog Hdl Design and Implementation of a Generalized N-Digit Binary-To-Decimal Converter on an FPGA Seven-Segment Display Using Verilog Hdl
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It is often needed to have circuits that can display the decimal representation of a binary number and specifically in this paper on a 7-segment display. In this paper a circuit that can display the decimal equivalent of an n-bit binary number is designed and it’s behavior is described using Verilog Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL). This HDL program is then used to configure an FPGA to implement the designed circuit.

Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Role Of Historical Memory In Promoting The Concept Of Belonging To The Homeland In A Novel "Mazurka For Two Dead Men" Of The Spanish Novelist Camilo Jose Cela: El Papel De La Memoria Histórica En El Apoyo Del Concepto De Pertenencia A La Patria , En La Novela “Mazurca Para Dos Muertos”, De Camilo José Cela
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       The present study discusses the significant role of the historical memory in all the Spanish society aspects of life. When a novelist takes the role and puts on the mask of one of the novel’s protagonists or hidden characters, his memory of the events becomes the keywords of accessing the close-knit fabric of society and sheds lights on deteriorating social conceptions in  a backwards social reality that rejects all new progressive ideas and  modernity. Through concentrating on the society flawing aspects and employing everything of his stored memory, the author uses sarcasm to criticize and change such old deteriorating reality conceptions.   

   &nbs

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational monitoring and reflex of suffacation of work . An opinions study of sample workers in manufacturing of Isphelt dohuk
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The study aims to determine the organizational monitoring mechanism in target organization as well as knowing the suffocation of work. The study depends on a questionnaire as a tool of collecting data on distributed random sample involved (45) person from different   levels in manufacturing isphelt Dohuk. The study depends on some hypothesis, the most significant one is that there is not impact of organizational monitoring of suffocation especially on the target organization.

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Dental Research
Effect of Bisoctrizole on Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Properties of Silicone and Effect on Surface Roughness - An In Vitro Study
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background:

Premature degradation is the problem of maxillofacial silicones, significantly affected by ultraviolet exposure, contributing to silicones photodegradation. Degradation necessitates frequent replacement of prostheses that increase the total cost of rehabilitation.

Aims:

This study evaluated the effect of bisoctrizole on the ultraviolet absorption properties of silicone material and the stability of this absorption over time. Also, the bisoctrizole effect on the surface roughness of silicone was evaluated.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Histological evaluation of local application of collagen I and /or vascular endothelial growth factor (An experimental study in rats)
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Background: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of local application of exogenous VEGF/collagen I separately and as a combination in socket healing. Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1st molar of both sides (right side was considered as experimental site, while left be the control one, treated with 1µL of normal saline). The rats were scarified at 3, 7, 14, 28 days post extraction. Socket healing was histologically examined with immunohistochemistochemical localization of ALP&FGF2. Materials and Method: Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1stmolar of both sides (right side was considered as experimental site, while left be the

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluate the effectiveness of internal control systems and their role in providing an effective governance framework in Sudanese banks
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   The study aimed to find out the relationship between the dimensions of internal control systems and the availability of an effective governance framework in the Sudanese banks. The study used descriptive and analytical method for collecting and analyzing the study data using SPSS program. The questionnaire was used as an analysis tool. The target sample of Sudanese bank employees, the study found several results, including that the bank avoids methods that lead to the rational use of available resources, and identifies and separation of tasks among employees, in addition to rapid response to reports The study found several recommendations, including the need for a list of banks that are sufficiently flexible and comp

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