We used to think of grammar as the bones of the language and vocabulary as the flesh to be added given that language consisted largely of life generated chunks of lexis. This “skeleton image” has been proverbially used to refer to that central feature of lexis named collocation- an idea that for the first 15 years of language study and analysis gave a moment‟s thought to English classroom material and methodology.
The work of John Sinclair, Dave Willis, Ron Carter, Michael McCarthy, Michael Lewis, and many others have all contributed to the way teachers today approach the area of lexis and what it means in the teaching/learning process of the language. This also seems to have incorporated lexical ideas into the teaching mechanism and highlighted that the present knowledge of the nature of English lexis and collocation in particular raises a set of important issues for teachers in the first place. Such issues are:
1. Given that grammar still rules the sentence, lexis should be one of the principle organizing parts of the syllabus;
2. The need for different strategies for vocabulary learning at different stages of learning, both in and outside the classroom;
3. The need for more developed techniques that would help the students record and store lexis in ways that could enable them to retrieve and revise the proper words for examinations, i.e., lead them to become „lexis collectors‟.
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4. The need for a fresh look at bilingual dictionaries every now and then given that conventional dictionaries cannot give all the information necessary about collocation.
5. Lexis is an area where literal translation is often impossible; a collocation in English may be totally different in Spanish or German and thus the implication of translation should not be discarded as it is essential in English. (The translation skills of the non-native speaking teachers must be recognized in this area.)
6. The two main components of language (grammar and vocabulary) merge into one another and the dividing line is much less clear cut than teachers and textbooks often operate; yet accuracy must be treated as a late-acquired skill.
The bailment is one of the well-established legal systems of the English common law, and which included the distinguished characteristics of both the law of contract and the law of property. It is worth-mentioning that this legal system has acquired those common features of these two prominent legal systems, which form an important part of the common law. By the judicial precedents made by English courts. And these precedents have adopted two different and divergent attitudes towards the qualification of the legal nature of bailment in English law . Whereas the Iraqi civil law No. (40) of 1951 regulated the legal rules of the bailment, considering it as a real contract, the conclusion of which requires the availability of four basic elem
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BN Rashid, Ajes: Asian Journal of English Studies, 2013
The study attempts to focus on the organized agreements of medical liability, after frequent use experience of these agreements, which come often either exempt civil liability or limit, which making the Researcher to submit the study to the light of the laws of the UAE and the law of English, to be collected in the final recommendations to guide the Legislature of UAE according to the Law of Medical Responsibility 2016.
The search consist of two main themes, dealt in the first section with the application of the terms of the exemption or limitation of responsibility in the general rules, and comparing with the agreements of Medical Responsibility, the second section focused on items that emphasize Medical Responsibility, be
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The present paper addresses one of the most challenging topics in translation; namely legal translation in the framework of two different approaches; the classical (formal) and the more recent (functional). The latter approach is the outcome of the process of simplifying legal language known technically as Plain Language Movement. The advent of this movement dates back to the 1950s, in response to the widely-held complain about the awkwardness of the legal register. Within this framework, the salient features of legal language, at the various linguistic and textual levels, underwent reconsideration in favor of more publicly digested expressions. The paper then subjects two translations of a lease contract to analysis in the ligh
... Show MoreOne of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metri
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English, like any other language, has a number of such discourse markers including well, yes, surely, on the contrary, so and nevertheless. They are lexical items or grammatical forms typically serve to relate one utterance to another in discourse.
Discourse markers are considered as cues or signals for the reader or the hearer that make cohesion and coherence, In fact, these markers are found in various grammatical forms such as interjections, linking adverbials, greetings and farewells….etc. Discourse markers. Play a very important role, not only in conversation, but in written text as well.
The Standard of reasonableness is considered as one of the objective standards adopted by the English Common law, to determine the standard of the care to be taken by the debtor of the obligation. And to ascertain the realization of the civil liability of negligence, the materialization of which requires four conditions. That is to say, the imposition of the duty of care to the defendant, the beach of the duty of care, the damage befalling the plaintiff, and the causation or causal link between the tort of negligence and the damage. It is also worth-bearing in mind that the forms of the Standard of reasonableness are variate in the English law to meet the different circumstances arising from the variation o
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The Gift is considered as a legal voluntary non-contractual transaction or disposition to transfer the granted property from the donor to donee gratuitously or without consideration. It is also worth-bearing in mind that the want of the requirement of consideration is the reason that the gift is not classified within the scope of the contract. And it is normally classified into two types: The inter vivos gift and gift causa mortis. It should also be noted that the donatio (or gift) inter vivos is applied to both the personal property or chattels and real property equally. As opposed to the gift causa mortis, which is applied to the personal property or chattels rather than the real property. Whereas both the Iraqi Civil Law N
... Show MoreIn this paper a modified approach have been used to find the approximate solution of ordinary delay differential equations with constant delay using the collocation method based on Bernstien polynomials.
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