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PROBLÉMATIQUE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA TRADUCTION ET PROLÈMES DE SON APPRENTISSAGE DANS UNE CLASSE DE LANGUE The problem in teaching Translation and problems of its learning in a language lesson
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Le présent travail aborde la question de l’enseignement de traduction en tant que matière faisant partie du programme élaboré dans des Départements de Français au sein de certaines universités irakiennes, en particulier celle de Bagdad. La méthode d’enseigner suivie constitue une véritable problématique qu’on a bien diagnostiquée à partir de quelques années d’expériences, à la lumière des observations faites dans des cours de traduction professionnelle, et dans la perspective des citations et témoignages établies par des traductologues et pédagogues et principalement par Marianne LEDERER qui a établi la Théorie Interprétative de la traduction. Mais pourquoi l’enseignement lui-même poserait une telle problématique ?

Pour répondre à la question, nous voulons dire que tout enseignement de traduction professionnelle, n’étant basé sur aucune stratégie, constitue une source des problèmes d’apprentissage. Autrement dit ; les petits problèmes d’apprentissage proviendraient majoritairement de la problématique majeure qu’on est en train de mettre en évidence.

Evidemment, la traduction professionnelle ne sera utile qu’à une étape où la langue est très bien contrôlée par les apprenants. Les apprenti-traducteurs, supposés avoir un niveau de langue assez avancé après avoir passé deux ou trois ans en apprenant la langue cible, ne cessent de commettre des erreurs. Mais ces erreurs ne se font pas en raison d’une connaissance insuffisante de la traductologie, elles sont à l’origine des erreurs de langue !

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 04 2006
Journal Name
The Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Elucidation of a Role for the Aqueous Extract of Borage in Mammary Gland Growth and Development
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2006
Journal Name
Ipmj-iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Elucidation of a role for the aqueous extract of borage in mammary gland growth and development
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Herbal remedies are used in induction of lactation. In view of that .Borage Officinalis was employed to ensure an abundant milk supply or rectify milk insufficiency .However, this remedy has not been scientifically tested .The animals were treated with the aqueous extract of Borage Officinalis flowers at a daily concentration of 100 mg / kg body weight /ml for each rat through Oro-gastric tube for 14 days. Animals were subdivided into subgroups according to their physiological status. Mammary glands of these animals were processed for histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Parameters indicated that the aqueous extract of Borage Officinalis flowers induced lactogenesis in the mammmary glands of virgin and pregnant rats

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Use of Principal Components Analysis in the Formation of a Sustainable Human Development Index for Arab Countries
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This study aims to derive a sustainable human development index for the Arab countries by using the principal components analysis, which can help in reducing the number of data in the case of multiple variables.  This can be relied upon in the interpretation and tracking sustainable human development in the Arab countries in the view of the multiplicity of sustainable human development indicators and its huge data, beside the heterogeneity of countries in a range of characteristics associated with indicators of sustainable human development such as area, population, and economic activity. The study attempted to use the available data to the selected Arab countries for the recent years. This study concluded that a single inde

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Fuel
Matrix acidizing in carbonate rocks and the impact on geomechanical properties: A review
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Acid treatment is a widely used stimulation technique in the petroleum industry. Matrix acidizing is regarded as an effective and efficient acidizing technique for carbonate formations that leads to increase the fracture propagation, repair formation damage, and increase the permeability of carbonate rocks. Generally, the injected acid dissolves into the rock minerals and generates wormholes that modify the rock structure and enhance hydrocarbon production. However, one of the key issues is the associated degradation in the mechanical properties of carbonate rocks caused by the generated wormholes, which may significantly reduce the elastic properties and hardness of rocks. There have been several experimental and simulation studies regardi

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2018
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
وظيفية اللغة رؤى ومقاربات
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The research is based on the most important pillars: 1 - constructive towards the Arabic language, functions, and branch into synthetic functions and deliberative functions and internal functions and external functions.
2. Expression, rank, sentence, and patterns (association sentences and compound sentences)
3 - linguistic heritage and modern functional lesson and is based on 1 - heritage and the optimal theory. 2. Heritage function. 3. Theory of optimal theory. 4. Heritage as a reference, history, and source.
4 - discourse: patterns and characteristics - stereotyping discourse - a structure of the discourse - components of discourse.
The first pillars of the use of language start from the fact that the language is a set of

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
El bilingüismo como fenómeno mundial
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“El bilingüismo como fenómeno mundial”
Desde el ámbito lingüístico que define : ―Las lenguas son sistemas de símbolos diseñados para comunicación” ( 1 ) . Aparece la competencia lingüística ,es decir el bilingüismo es la capacidad de utilizar dos lenguas o más de forma alternativa y las personas implicadas se denominará bilingües, este fenómeno se extiende para comprender las comunidades lingüísticas, por eso la mayoría de los países del mundo son oficialmente bilingües o multilingües , en el sentido tiene dos o mάs lenguas nacionales o regionales oficialmente reconocidas .Algunos países forman ejemplos más destacados del bilingüismo como Άfrica ,Asia,Europa,Oceanía ( 2 )
,America. El propósito d

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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2012
Journal Name
Engineering Analysis With Boundary Elements
Radial integration boundary integral and integro-differential equation methods for two-dimensional heat conduction problems with variable coefficients
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Publication Date
Wed Aug 17 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Women’s Traits In The Iraqi Satirical Television Show ‘State Of Melon’ A Paper Extracted from A Masters Thesis
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The research aims to know the traits or characteristics of woman in terms of her external
appearance, motives for her behavior, feelings, mood and ability.
It, moreover, seeks woman’s relationship with others as it is presented by the Iraqi
satirical television show “ State of Melon “.
The researcher adopted for that survey approach using the method of content analysis
to study the research sample represented by “ State of Melon “ show which was
exposed through the screen of a group of channels:
“Hona Baghdad Satellite Channel, then Asia Satellite Channel, Dijla Satellite Channel,
and UTV Satellite Channel.”For this, the researcher used Margaret Gallagher’s Model to analyze the image of
woman in

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 02 2019
Journal Name
Artificial Intelligence Research
A three-stage learning algorithm for deep multilayer perceptron with effective weight initialisation based on sparse auto-encoder
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A three-stage learning algorithm for deep multilayer perceptron (DMLP) with effective weight initialisation based on sparse auto-encoder is proposed in this paper, which aims to overcome difficulties in training deep neural networks with limited training data in high-dimensional feature space. At the first stage, unsupervised learning is adopted using sparse auto-encoder to obtain the initial weights of the feature extraction layers of the DMLP. At the second stage, error back-propagation is used to train the DMLP by fixing the weights obtained at the first stage for its feature extraction layers. At the third stage, all the weights of the DMLP obtained at the second stage are refined by error back-propagation. Network structures an

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
The semiotics of the visual image of women in the discourse of empowerment, Saudi Arabia Kingdom as a model
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We studied, in this paper, the semiotics of the visual image of women in the discourse of empowerment, through three models of advertising images expressing the particularities of the Saudi Arabian environment.

We aim to know how the mark operates and how it is interpreted, as a semantic process in which the meaning ranges from description to interpretation, and we studied two hypotheses:

-The advertising image is a structure in which the mark corresponds to the reality and the discourse to the context.

-The significance is not found in the visual sign or in the textual sign of the advertising image, but in the creative event that opens up to the social, cultural, and psychological context, and creates a field of dia

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