Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-218
השירה החילונית לשמואל הנגיד בספרד Hebrew religious poetry to Shmuel Hnagad In Spain
...Show More Authors

תקציר

השירה החילונית  זו מיזגה בין התרבות היהודית והתרבות הערבית השלטת. התרבות הערבית השלטת  השפיעה על היהודים בשירה, בספרי פילוסופייה ועיון, בהגות דתית, ביצירה של פרשנות המקרא, במחקר בדקדוק עברי, ברפואה ועוד. ספרי המדע המחקר והעיון נכתבו כולם בערבית. זו היתה שפת הדיבור בקהילות היהודיות. אבל השירה שהתפתחה, שירה אשר קבלה את יסודותיה מן השירה הערבית, שהגיעה לשיא בתקופה זאת – נכתבה כולה בעברית. השירה העברית הושפעה מאחותה הערבית בצורות השיריות, במשקלים, בסוגים – אבל נכתבה בשפה העברית בלבד. מטרת המשוררים העבריים בספרד הייתה להאדיר את השפה העברית לאור מופת המקרא. אם המשוררים המוסלמים כתבו בערבית כדי להאדיר את שפת הקוראן, ולאותה מטרה גם כתבו מחקרים על השפה והדקדוק הערביים – הרי היהודים הושפעו ממגמה זו על מנת להאדיר את שפת המקרא, שפת הקודש. עד לתקופה זאת לא שימשה שפת המקרא מקור לשוני ישיר ליצירה ספרותית. הפיוט הקודם לתקופה זאת היה קרוב בלשונו ללשון חז"ל, לשון התלמוד והמשנה. משוררי ספרד החיו את לשון המקרא. מילים מקראיות קבלו בשירתם פירוש חדש. זו הייתה תחייתה של לשון שלא דברו בה – לשם יצירה חדשה, ענפה ועשירה. שמואל הנגיד היה המשורר היהודי הראשון שעיצב את השירה החילונית  בספרד, על סוגיה השונים -  שירי יין, שירי ידידות, שירי שבח, שירי אהבה ועוד. שלא כמו משוררים אחרים - כתב הנגיד את שיריו לא למטרות פרנסה, כמשורר חצר, אלא כביטוי לחוויותיו ולרגשותיו:

ABSTRACT      

     The beginnings of Hebrew poetry religious in Andalusia was in the tenth century the rule days of King Abdul-Rahman III  (912-961), where the Jewish groups in Andalusia in those days was Thoudy of confidence by the Muslim authorities were also Thoudy autonomy in religious and cultural side, and this in turn led to the development of the Jewish literary output in all areas where Jewish philosophy evolved and renewed Hebrew poetry mundane .

The abundance of production in this kind of literature occurred under the influence of Arab culture and the first who wrote in this kind of poetry is poet (Donac bin Brat) where the transfer of poetry Hebrew formal components of Arabic poetry, including weight and rhyme.

Furthermore, the influence of Arabic literature appeared in Spain a new type of Hebrew poetry, but it is the standings, which is a rhymed prose Among the most prominent of the books in this kind of poetry is Judea Harizi.

     The most prominent of the books in this type of hair four poets are Shmuel Hnakid,  Solomon Ibn Jpiroll,  Moses Ibn Ezra, and Judah Halevi .

The Hebrew poetry earthly evolution and that the impact of Arabic poetry in form and substance where takes from the Arabic poetry threads  and curricula where established relationship and close contact unanimous and culturally between Jews and Muslims, and this Intellectuals Jews know  on Arab poetry and who was very open-minded and distinct linguistic style and image substantially so where love Jews poets this type of poetry and been affected by it and taken Arabic poetry features to poetry worldly Hebrew as Hebrew poetry adopted the weight and the Arab poetic rhythm, any quantitative weight Arabic poetry, and they have to divide each row or line of poetry specific number of a  sections.

The Arabic poetry impact on religious Hebrew poetry came through expression also in the content of the poetry and theme though this effect was always within the limits of tradition and conformity for the poets of the Jews, we find there poems telling the story of the friendship and companionship and there poetry the wine as well as find love poetry, which describes the pain loving and yearning and longing to those who love and there are other topics in the poetry worldly poems including the engagement and marriage and lamentation poems .

     In addition to all of these types and threads of poetry , which are all within the poetry worldly box there was also special types of poetry to others poets have been active within the circumstances of their lives and, for example, War poetry to Shmuel Hnakid who was defense minister in the Kingdom of Granada, and also  poetry of Zion Yehuda Halevy , as well as personal poems  to  Solomon said Jpiroll and who devoted his poetry in the mundane description of the dispute and the conflict with the people of his hometown and the isolation and misery and suffering.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Level of Self- Esteem and its relation to some variables among psychologists in schools of the Sultanate of Oman
...Show More Authors

The recent study aimed to identify the level of Self- Esteem and its relation to some variables (Gender, Experience years, and Educational stage) among psychologists in schools of the Sultanate of Oman. The study sample consisted of (154) psychologists of both male and female who are working in different stages of study in the schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman. The sample of the study consisted of (43) male and (111) female psychologists from (11) governorates of the Sultanate. The descriptive analytical methodology was used. In order to collect data the Self-Esteem questionnaire prepared by the researcher were used. Statistical processing was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Thermodynamic Investigation of Partially Purified Paraoxonase in the Sera of Healthy Pregnant Women Compared to Women with Pregnancy Complication
...Show More Authors

The thermodynamic constanting of “crude and partially purified” Paraxonase(PON) was evaluated in the sera of “healthy and ectopic” pregnant women in order to characterize the reaction of PON with diethyl para-nitro phenyl phosphate as substrate.This study was performed on (17) women with ectopic pregnancy (EP) whose age between (25-55) years  and (25) normal pregnant women with  a mean age of (25 -55) years as  a control group . Samples were collected from the Medical City, AL-Yarmook and Fatema AL-Zahraa hospitals during the period from Sep.2011 to April 2012.The study included the evaluation  of “paraxonase activity, specific activity and total protein” in the (crude and partially purified) sera of EP pa

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (1)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Proposal of Using Principle of Maximizing Entropy of Generalized Gamma Distribution to Estimate the Survival probabilities of the Population in Iraq
...Show More Authors

In this research we been estimated the survival function for data suffer from the disturbances and confusion of Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey: IHSES II 2012 , to data from a five-year age groups follow the distribution of the Generalized Gamma: GG. It had been used two methods for the purposes of estimating and fitting which is the way the Principle of Maximizing Entropy: POME, and method of booting to nonparametric smoothing function for Kernel, to overcome the mathematical problems plaguing integrals contained in this distribution in particular of the integration of the incomplete gamma function, along with the use of traditional way in which is the Maximum Likelihood: ML. Where the comparison on the basis of the method of the Cen

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Environmental Education and her role to protect an Environment
...Show More Authors

Environmental education is considered as process of getting Humans in communication with this environment and all its various resources. such process requires acquiring knowledge about the environment that com help humans understand their correlative relations with the environmental elements on one hand and among the environmental elements themselves on the other . Besides, such a process requires developing human skills that help them participate in developing environmental circumstances. Therefore environmental education is responsible for perspective and cultural development that governs human behavior. Regarding their environment and stimulating tendencies and interests towards the environment , let alone helping humans acquire the c

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Personality Types in Relation to the Periodontal Health Status and Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone among Teachers in Baghdad City
...Show More Authors

Background: The individual differences in emotional and behavioral style can be examined through personality instruments. These differences may explain the health status of the individuals. The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of Personality Types on gingival and periodontal health status among teachers in Baghdad city in relation to selected salivary hormone (Dehydroepiandrosterone). Materials and methods: Females teachers 534 of randomly selected schools were subjected to personality questionnaire using The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator. Teachers were examined to estimate the periodontal status according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). A group of teachers were selected for salivary analysis of Dehy

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Anbar Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
MICROBIAL FERTILIZERS EXISTENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO HEAVY METALS IN SOME SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL FIELDS IN ANBAR GOVERNORATE
...Show More Authors

Investigations made and soil samples brought from 14 sites in different areas, including Abu Ghraib and Al Anbar. Tests and measurements made in the Microbiology Laboratory at the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. Department of Soil Sciences and water Resources, in order to isolate bio-fertilizers and test isolates fixing nitrogen in atmosphere and solvents for phosphorous compounds efficiency. The experiment included isolating and diagnosis of bacteria from rhizosphere soils of different plants that were brought from different agricultural areas, 74 isolates obtained by soils alleviation, and then the bio-chemical morphological and microscopic characteristics of these soils studied. The results showed that the most abundant and

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (17)
Crossref (3)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Highlighting the Treatment Regimens used in COVID-19 epidemic in Iraq with Special Regards to Vitamin D
...Show More Authors

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a flu-like infection caused by a novel virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After the widespread around the world, it was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic. The symptoms of COVID-19 may arise within 2 weeks and the severity ranged from mild with signs of respiratory infection to severe cases of organ failure and even death. Management of COVID-19 patients includes supportive treatment and pharmacological medications expected to be effective with no definitive cure of the disease. The aims of this study are highlighting the management protocol and supportive therapy especially vitamin D and manifesting the clinical symptoms b

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (1)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Use Risk Score Method to Identify the Qualitative Risk Analysis Criteria in Tendering Phase in Construction Projects
...Show More Authors

The purpose of this article was to identify and assess the importance of risk factors in the tendering phase of construction projects. The construction project cannot succeed without the identification and categorization of these risk elements. In this article, a questionnaire for likelihood and impact was designed and distributed to a panel of specialists to analyze risk factors. The risk matrix was also used to research, explore, and identify the risks that influence the tendering phase of construction projects. The probability and impact values assigned to risk are used to calculate the risk's score. A risk matrix is created by combining probability and impact criteria. To determine the main risk elements for the tender phase of

... Show More
Preview PDF
Crossref (4)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Oct 03 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Correlation between Streptococci Mutans and salivary IgA in relation to some oral parameters in saliva of children
...Show More Authors

Background: Saliva plays an important role in oral health. Several salivary proteins are involved in the antimicrobial defence mechanism and are able to eliminate or inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity. Secretory IgA (SIgA) is one of the principal antibodies present in saliva, could help oral immunity by preventing microbial adherence, neutralizing enzymes and toxins. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary Streptococcus Mutans (SM) count and S IgA in stimulated whole saliva in children with primary dentition compared to those with permanent teeth in relation to some oral hygiene parameters. Material and methods: Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 50 children (25 with primary dentation and

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Aug 17 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Health, Medicine And Nursing
Adherence to Guidelines of Secondary Prevention in patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in a Tertiary Cardiac Center
...Show More Authors

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in United State (U.S.). Controlling of modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (D.M.), dyslipidemia, physical inactivity & obesity will prevent other serious cardiovascular complications